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Velcro-Like System Used to Fix a Protective Faecal Shield on Weevil Larvae
The last instar larva and pupa of Eucoeliodes mirabilis (A. Villa & G. B. Villa, 1835) (Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchini) are described using drawings and SEM images and are compared and keyed with already described larvae of 58 other ceutorhynchinae taxa. The larval body has an effective combinati...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5268442/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28125664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170800 |
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author | Skuhrovec, Jiří Stejskal, Robert Trnka, Filip di Giulio, Andrea |
author_facet | Skuhrovec, Jiří Stejskal, Robert Trnka, Filip di Giulio, Andrea |
author_sort | Skuhrovec, Jiří |
collection | PubMed |
description | The last instar larva and pupa of Eucoeliodes mirabilis (A. Villa & G. B. Villa, 1835) (Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchini) are described using drawings and SEM images and are compared and keyed with already described larvae of 58 other ceutorhynchinae taxa. The larval body has an effective combination of morphological adaptations that assist a unique biological defensive strategy. All larval stages of E. mirabilis feed ectophytically on leaves of Euonymus europaeus L. (Celastraceae), and the larval body is covered with a thick faecal shield. The fixation of this protective shield on the larval back is performed by a peculiar dorsal microsculpture composed of a dense carpet of microtrichia on the thorax and abdomen, which serves effectively as a velcro system. Because of this strategy, macrosetae on the larval and pupal body of E. mirabilis are completely reduced. Larvae of E. mirabilis also have distinct morphological adaptations for protecting the spiracles against intrusion of faeces and avoiding occlusion of the tracheal system: a) microtrichia around spiracles are slightly shorter, distinctly stronger and are arranged with high-density and in clusters and b) spiracles are protected by an external safety valve. This strategy of E. mirabilis larvae is unique, although somewhat similar to that of Criocerinae and Blepharida-group leave beetles (Galerucinae) (both Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), but with distinctly different morphological adaptations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5268442 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52684422017-02-06 Velcro-Like System Used to Fix a Protective Faecal Shield on Weevil Larvae Skuhrovec, Jiří Stejskal, Robert Trnka, Filip di Giulio, Andrea PLoS One Research Article The last instar larva and pupa of Eucoeliodes mirabilis (A. Villa & G. B. Villa, 1835) (Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchini) are described using drawings and SEM images and are compared and keyed with already described larvae of 58 other ceutorhynchinae taxa. The larval body has an effective combination of morphological adaptations that assist a unique biological defensive strategy. All larval stages of E. mirabilis feed ectophytically on leaves of Euonymus europaeus L. (Celastraceae), and the larval body is covered with a thick faecal shield. The fixation of this protective shield on the larval back is performed by a peculiar dorsal microsculpture composed of a dense carpet of microtrichia on the thorax and abdomen, which serves effectively as a velcro system. Because of this strategy, macrosetae on the larval and pupal body of E. mirabilis are completely reduced. Larvae of E. mirabilis also have distinct morphological adaptations for protecting the spiracles against intrusion of faeces and avoiding occlusion of the tracheal system: a) microtrichia around spiracles are slightly shorter, distinctly stronger and are arranged with high-density and in clusters and b) spiracles are protected by an external safety valve. This strategy of E. mirabilis larvae is unique, although somewhat similar to that of Criocerinae and Blepharida-group leave beetles (Galerucinae) (both Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), but with distinctly different morphological adaptations. Public Library of Science 2017-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC5268442/ /pubmed/28125664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170800 Text en © 2017 Skuhrovec et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Skuhrovec, Jiří Stejskal, Robert Trnka, Filip di Giulio, Andrea Velcro-Like System Used to Fix a Protective Faecal Shield on Weevil Larvae |
title | Velcro-Like System Used to Fix a Protective Faecal Shield on Weevil Larvae |
title_full | Velcro-Like System Used to Fix a Protective Faecal Shield on Weevil Larvae |
title_fullStr | Velcro-Like System Used to Fix a Protective Faecal Shield on Weevil Larvae |
title_full_unstemmed | Velcro-Like System Used to Fix a Protective Faecal Shield on Weevil Larvae |
title_short | Velcro-Like System Used to Fix a Protective Faecal Shield on Weevil Larvae |
title_sort | velcro-like system used to fix a protective faecal shield on weevil larvae |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5268442/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28125664 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170800 |
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