Collapse of the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic CO(2) sink in boreal spring of 2010

Following the 2009 Pacific El Niño, a warm event developed in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic during boreal spring of 2010 promoted a significant increase in the CO(2) fugacity of surface waters. This, together with the relaxation of the prevailing wind fields, resulted in the reversal of the atmospheric CO(2) absorption capacity of the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic. In the region 0–30°N, 62–10°W, this climatic event led to the reversal of the climatological CO(2) sink of −29.3 Tg C to a source of CO(2) to the atmosphere of 1.6 Tg C from February to May. The highest impact of this event is verified in the region of the North Equatorial Current, where the climatological CO(2) uptake of −22.4 Tg for that period ceased during 2010 (1.2 Tg C). This estimate is higher than current assessments of the multidecadal variability of the sea-air CO(2) exchange for the entire North Atlantic (20 Tg year(−1)), and highlights the potential impact of the increasing occurrence of extreme climate events over the oceanic CO(2) sink and atmospheric CO(2) composition.