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Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes
Climate’s influence on late Pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE), maize-dependent Native American populations in the midcontinental United States (US) is poorly understood as regional paleoclimate records are sparse and/or provide conflicting perspectives. Here, we reconstruct regional changes in precipitati...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5282493/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139698 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41628 |
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author | Bird, Broxton W. Wilson, Jeremy J. Gilhooly III, William P. Steinman, Byron A. Stamps, Lucas |
author_facet | Bird, Broxton W. Wilson, Jeremy J. Gilhooly III, William P. Steinman, Byron A. Stamps, Lucas |
author_sort | Bird, Broxton W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Climate’s influence on late Pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE), maize-dependent Native American populations in the midcontinental United States (US) is poorly understood as regional paleoclimate records are sparse and/or provide conflicting perspectives. Here, we reconstruct regional changes in precipitation source and seasonality and local changes in warm-season duration and rainstorm events related to the Pacific North American pattern (PNA) using a 2100-year-long multi-proxy lake-sediment record from the midcontinental US. Wet midcontinental climate reflecting negative PNA-like conditions occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950–1250 CE) as Native American populations adopted intensive maize agriculture, facilitating population aggregation and the development of urban centers between 1000–1200 CE. Intensifying midcontinental socio-political instability and warfare between 1250–1350 CE corresponded with drier positive PNA-like conditions, culminating in the staggered abandonment of many major Native American river valley settlements and large urban centers between 1350–1450 CE during an especially severe warm-season drought. We hypothesize that this sustained drought interval rendered it difficult to support dense populations and large urban centers in the midcontinental US by destabilizing regional agricultural systems, thereby contributing to the host of socio-political factors that led to population reorganization and migration in the midcontinent and neighboring regions shortly before European contact. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5282493 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52824932017-02-03 Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes Bird, Broxton W. Wilson, Jeremy J. Gilhooly III, William P. Steinman, Byron A. Stamps, Lucas Sci Rep Article Climate’s influence on late Pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE), maize-dependent Native American populations in the midcontinental United States (US) is poorly understood as regional paleoclimate records are sparse and/or provide conflicting perspectives. Here, we reconstruct regional changes in precipitation source and seasonality and local changes in warm-season duration and rainstorm events related to the Pacific North American pattern (PNA) using a 2100-year-long multi-proxy lake-sediment record from the midcontinental US. Wet midcontinental climate reflecting negative PNA-like conditions occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950–1250 CE) as Native American populations adopted intensive maize agriculture, facilitating population aggregation and the development of urban centers between 1000–1200 CE. Intensifying midcontinental socio-political instability and warfare between 1250–1350 CE corresponded with drier positive PNA-like conditions, culminating in the staggered abandonment of many major Native American river valley settlements and large urban centers between 1350–1450 CE during an especially severe warm-season drought. We hypothesize that this sustained drought interval rendered it difficult to support dense populations and large urban centers in the midcontinental US by destabilizing regional agricultural systems, thereby contributing to the host of socio-political factors that led to population reorganization and migration in the midcontinent and neighboring regions shortly before European contact. Nature Publishing Group 2017-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5282493/ /pubmed/28139698 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41628 Text en Copyright © 2017, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Bird, Broxton W. Wilson, Jeremy J. Gilhooly III, William P. Steinman, Byron A. Stamps, Lucas Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes |
title | Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes |
title_full | Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes |
title_fullStr | Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes |
title_full_unstemmed | Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes |
title_short | Midcontinental Native American population dynamics and late Holocene hydroclimate extremes |
title_sort | midcontinental native american population dynamics and late holocene hydroclimate extremes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5282493/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139698 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41628 |
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