Interfacial Adipose Tissue in Systemic Sclerosis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides a summary of recent insights into the role of the local white adipose tissue (WAT) in systemic sclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Adipocytes located in an interfacial WAT area adjacent to fibrotic lesions have an intermediate phenotype and special properties implicated in fibrotic pathology in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The important role of these cells is recognized in different pathologies, such as wound healing, psoriasis, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Additionally, both immature and mature adipocytes are involved in the appearance of fibroblast-like cells but exhibit different phenotypes and synthetic properties. SUMMARY: Adipocytes from interfacial WAT adjacent to the fibrotic area in SSc are phenotypically different from bulk adipocytes and are involved in pathogenesis of SSc. Immature and mature adipocytes from this WAT layer differentiate into various types of fibroblast-like cells, making the local ratio of immature to mature adipocytes in interfacial WAT of particular importance in SSc pathogenesis.