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Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress

Within the chloroplasts reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during photosynthesis and stressful conditions. Excessive ROS damages chloroplasts and reduces photosynthesis if not properly detoxified. In this current study, we document that chloroplasts produce melatonin, a recently-discovered...

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Autores principales: Zheng, Xiaodong, Tan, Dun X., Allan, Andrew C., Zuo, Bixiao, Zhao, Yu, Reiter, Russel J., Wang, Lin, Wang, Zhi, Guo, Yan, Zhou, Jingzhe, Shan, Dongqian, Li, Qingtian, Han, Zhenhai, Kong, Jin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5286529/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28145449
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41236
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author Zheng, Xiaodong
Tan, Dun X.
Allan, Andrew C.
Zuo, Bixiao
Zhao, Yu
Reiter, Russel J.
Wang, Lin
Wang, Zhi
Guo, Yan
Zhou, Jingzhe
Shan, Dongqian
Li, Qingtian
Han, Zhenhai
Kong, Jin
author_facet Zheng, Xiaodong
Tan, Dun X.
Allan, Andrew C.
Zuo, Bixiao
Zhao, Yu
Reiter, Russel J.
Wang, Lin
Wang, Zhi
Guo, Yan
Zhou, Jingzhe
Shan, Dongqian
Li, Qingtian
Han, Zhenhai
Kong, Jin
author_sort Zheng, Xiaodong
collection PubMed
description Within the chloroplasts reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during photosynthesis and stressful conditions. Excessive ROS damages chloroplasts and reduces photosynthesis if not properly detoxified. In this current study, we document that chloroplasts produce melatonin, a recently-discovered plant antioxidant molecule. When N-acetylserotonin, a substrate for melatonin synthesis, was fed to purified chloroplasts, they produced melatonin in a dose-response manner. To further confirm this function of chloroplasts, the terminal enzyme for melatonin synthesis, N-acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT), was cloned from apple rootstock, Malus zumi. The in vivo fluorescence observations and Western blots confirmed MzASMT9 was localized in the chloroplasts. A study of enzyme kinetics revealed that the K(m) and V(max) of the purified recombinant MzASMT9 protein for melatonin synthesis were 500 μM and 12 pmol/min·mg protein, respectively. Arabidopsis ectopically-expressing MzASMT9 possessed improved melatonin level. Importantly, the MzASMT9 gene was found to be upregulated by high light intensity and salt stress. Increased melatonin due to the highly-expressed MzASMT9 resulted in Arabidopsis lines with enhanced salt tolerance than wild type plants, as indicated by reduced ROS, lowered lipid peroxidation and enhanced photosynthesis. These findings have agricultural applications for the genetic enhancement of melatonin-enriched plants for increasing crop production under a variety of unfavorable environmental conditions.
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spelling pubmed-52865292017-02-06 Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress Zheng, Xiaodong Tan, Dun X. Allan, Andrew C. Zuo, Bixiao Zhao, Yu Reiter, Russel J. Wang, Lin Wang, Zhi Guo, Yan Zhou, Jingzhe Shan, Dongqian Li, Qingtian Han, Zhenhai Kong, Jin Sci Rep Article Within the chloroplasts reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during photosynthesis and stressful conditions. Excessive ROS damages chloroplasts and reduces photosynthesis if not properly detoxified. In this current study, we document that chloroplasts produce melatonin, a recently-discovered plant antioxidant molecule. When N-acetylserotonin, a substrate for melatonin synthesis, was fed to purified chloroplasts, they produced melatonin in a dose-response manner. To further confirm this function of chloroplasts, the terminal enzyme for melatonin synthesis, N-acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT), was cloned from apple rootstock, Malus zumi. The in vivo fluorescence observations and Western blots confirmed MzASMT9 was localized in the chloroplasts. A study of enzyme kinetics revealed that the K(m) and V(max) of the purified recombinant MzASMT9 protein for melatonin synthesis were 500 μM and 12 pmol/min·mg protein, respectively. Arabidopsis ectopically-expressing MzASMT9 possessed improved melatonin level. Importantly, the MzASMT9 gene was found to be upregulated by high light intensity and salt stress. Increased melatonin due to the highly-expressed MzASMT9 resulted in Arabidopsis lines with enhanced salt tolerance than wild type plants, as indicated by reduced ROS, lowered lipid peroxidation and enhanced photosynthesis. These findings have agricultural applications for the genetic enhancement of melatonin-enriched plants for increasing crop production under a variety of unfavorable environmental conditions. Nature Publishing Group 2017-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5286529/ /pubmed/28145449 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41236 Text en Copyright © 2017, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Zheng, Xiaodong
Tan, Dun X.
Allan, Andrew C.
Zuo, Bixiao
Zhao, Yu
Reiter, Russel J.
Wang, Lin
Wang, Zhi
Guo, Yan
Zhou, Jingzhe
Shan, Dongqian
Li, Qingtian
Han, Zhenhai
Kong, Jin
Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress
title Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress
title_full Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress
title_fullStr Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress
title_full_unstemmed Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress
title_short Chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress
title_sort chloroplastic biosynthesis of melatonin and its involvement in protection of plants from salt stress
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5286529/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28145449
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep41236
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