Tritium-Labeled Compounds V. Radioassay of Both Carbon–14 and Tritium in Films, With a Proportional Counter

A convenient procedure is described for the radioassay of both carbon-14 and tritium in water-soluble, nonvolatile compounds by means of a windowless, gas-flow, proportional counter. The materials are counted in uniform films of sodium O-(carboxymethyl) cellulose that are “infinitely thick” to the radiation of tritium but not to the radiation of carbon-14. Films of uniform thickness are obtained by new techniques which are described in detail. If only carbon-14 is present, its absolute activity can be calculated conveniently by means of an empirically established curve for the counting-efficiency. If both carbon-14 and tritium are present, the films are counted in the proportional counter and are then recounted in the presence of a screen that stops all radiation from tritium but only a portion of that from carbon-14. From a film with a thickness of 0.8 mg/cm(2), approximately 43 percent of the radiation of carbon-14 is counted. Of this emerging radiation, approximately 50 percent passes through a screen of ¼-mil double-aluminized “Mylar.” By use of suitable calibration curves for counting-efficiency, carbon-14 and tritium in the same sample can be calculated from the counts with, and without, the screen. Satisfactory analyses can be made with samples containing less than 0.001 microcurie of carbon-14 and 0.005 microcurie of tritium. The method is suitable for the radioassay of a wide variety of labeled materials.