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How Many Dystonias? Clinical Evidence
Literary reports on dystonia date back to post-Medieval times. Medical reports are instead more recent. We review here the early descriptions and the historical establishment of a consensus on the clinical phenomenology and the diagnostic features of dystonia syndromes. Lumping and splitting exercis...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5289979/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28217105 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00018 |
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author | Albanese, Alberto |
author_facet | Albanese, Alberto |
author_sort | Albanese, Alberto |
collection | PubMed |
description | Literary reports on dystonia date back to post-Medieval times. Medical reports are instead more recent. We review here the early descriptions and the historical establishment of a consensus on the clinical phenomenology and the diagnostic features of dystonia syndromes. Lumping and splitting exercises have characterized this area of knowledge, and it remains largely unclear how many dystonia types we are to count. This review describes the history leading to recognize that focal dystonia syndromes are a coherent clinical set encompassing cranial dystonia (including blepharospasm), oromandibular dystonia, spasmodic torticollis, truncal dystonia, writer’s cramp, and other occupational dystonias. Papers describing features of dystonia and diagnostic criteria are critically analyzed and put into historical perspective. Issues and inconsistencies in this lumping effort are discussed, and the currently unmet needs are critically reviewed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5289979 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-52899792017-02-17 How Many Dystonias? Clinical Evidence Albanese, Alberto Front Neurol Neuroscience Literary reports on dystonia date back to post-Medieval times. Medical reports are instead more recent. We review here the early descriptions and the historical establishment of a consensus on the clinical phenomenology and the diagnostic features of dystonia syndromes. Lumping and splitting exercises have characterized this area of knowledge, and it remains largely unclear how many dystonia types we are to count. This review describes the history leading to recognize that focal dystonia syndromes are a coherent clinical set encompassing cranial dystonia (including blepharospasm), oromandibular dystonia, spasmodic torticollis, truncal dystonia, writer’s cramp, and other occupational dystonias. Papers describing features of dystonia and diagnostic criteria are critically analyzed and put into historical perspective. Issues and inconsistencies in this lumping effort are discussed, and the currently unmet needs are critically reviewed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5289979/ /pubmed/28217105 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00018 Text en Copyright © 2017 Albanese. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Albanese, Alberto How Many Dystonias? Clinical Evidence |
title | How Many Dystonias? Clinical Evidence |
title_full | How Many Dystonias? Clinical Evidence |
title_fullStr | How Many Dystonias? Clinical Evidence |
title_full_unstemmed | How Many Dystonias? Clinical Evidence |
title_short | How Many Dystonias? Clinical Evidence |
title_sort | how many dystonias? clinical evidence |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5289979/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28217105 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00018 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT albanesealberto howmanydystoniasclinicalevidence |