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Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review

Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the i...

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Autores principales: Cavalcoli, Federica, Zilli, Alessandra, Conte, Dario, Massironi, Sara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5292330/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216963
http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i4.563
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author Cavalcoli, Federica
Zilli, Alessandra
Conte, Dario
Massironi, Sara
author_facet Cavalcoli, Federica
Zilli, Alessandra
Conte, Dario
Massironi, Sara
author_sort Cavalcoli, Federica
collection PubMed
description Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach’s secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.
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spelling pubmed-52923302017-02-17 Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review Cavalcoli, Federica Zilli, Alessandra Conte, Dario Massironi, Sara World J Gastroenterol Editorial Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach’s secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2017-01-28 2017-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5292330/ /pubmed/28216963 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i4.563 Text en ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Editorial
Cavalcoli, Federica
Zilli, Alessandra
Conte, Dario
Massironi, Sara
Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review
title Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review
title_full Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review
title_fullStr Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review
title_full_unstemmed Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review
title_short Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review
title_sort micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: a review
topic Editorial
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5292330/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216963
http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i4.563
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