Reassessment of Allantonectria, phylogenetic position of Thyronectroidea, and Thyronectria caraganae sp. nov

The genus Allantonectria is synonymised with Thyronectria, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic considerations. Investigations of types and fresh collections revealed that Tubercularia concentrica is an earlier name for Sphaeria (syn. Allantonectria) miltina and is thus combined in Thyronectria. Allantonectria yuccae is recognised as a distinct species and transferred to Thyronectria, as well as the recently described A. zangii. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for T. concentrica and T. yuccae. A recent collection of the North American Thyronectroidea chrysogramma, the generic type of Thyronectroidea, was studied with respect to morphology of its sexual morph in fresh condition and of its asexual morph produced in pure culture. Molecular phylogenies based on six loci (ITS and LSU regions of nuc rDNA, act1, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 genes) place T. chrysogramma within Thyronectria, confirming synonymy of Thyronectroidea with Thyronectria, but remarkably a relationship to European species with green to brown spores (former genus Mattirolia) receives no support, and its closest relatives remain unclear. Thyronectria caraganae is described as a new species from herbarium specimens of Caragana arborescens collected in the Ukraine. It is characterised by morphology of the sexual morph and by DNA sequence data, which place it within the T. austroamericana - T. rhodochlora clade with high support. This is also supported by its morphology, specifically ascomata partly embedded within a stroma, muriform ascospores not budding within the ascus, becoming yellowish to rosy at maturity.