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Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children

BACKGROUND: Female athletes have a higher rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than males from adolescence and into maturity, which is suggested to result from sex-specific changes in dynamic movement patterns with maturation. Few studies have studied movement strategies and response to f...

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Autores principales: Briem, Kristín, Jónsdóttir, Kolbrún Vala, Árnason, Árni, Sveinsson, Þórarinn
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2017
Materias:
117
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298470/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28203593
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967116679640
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author Briem, Kristín
Jónsdóttir, Kolbrún Vala
Árnason, Árni
Sveinsson, Þórarinn
author_facet Briem, Kristín
Jónsdóttir, Kolbrún Vala
Árnason, Árni
Sveinsson, Þórarinn
author_sort Briem, Kristín
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Female athletes have a higher rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than males from adolescence and into maturity, which is suggested to result from sex-specific changes in dynamic movement patterns with maturation. Few studies have studied movement strategies and response to fatigue in children. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of fatigue on biomechanical variables associated with increased risk for ACL injury during a drop-jump (DJ) performance in children. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A total of 116 children (mean age, 10.4 years) were recruited from local sports clubs and performed 5 repetitions of a DJ task before and after a fatigue protocol. Kinematic and kinetic data from initial contact (IC) to the first peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) were analyzed for both limbs, including limb and fatigue as within-subject factors for analyses between boys and girls. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to identify associations between variables of interest. RESULTS: Girls demonstrated greater peak vGRF values than boys (by 8.1%; P < .05), there were greater peak vGRF values for the right limb than the left (by 6.2%; P < .001), and fatigue led to slightly greater values (P < .05). Although weak, the correlation between peak vGRF values and knee flexion excursion was stronger for girls (r = –0.20) than boys (r = –0.08) (P < .006). Fatigue resulted in greater knee flexion angles at IC and less excursion during landing, more so for girls (by 6.1° vs 1.4°; interaction, P < .001), although the knee flexion moment was generally lowered by fatigue (P < .001). Limb asymmetry in knee flexion moments was more pronounced for boys than for girls (interaction, P < .05), contrary to that seen in frontal plane knee moments, where asymmetry was much greater in girls than boys (interaction, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Even as young athletes, girls and boys seem to adopt dissimilar movement strategies and are differently affected by fatigue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injury prevention programs should be considered at an earlier age in an effort to lower the risk of ACL injury in athletes.
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spelling pubmed-52984702017-02-15 Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children Briem, Kristín Jónsdóttir, Kolbrún Vala Árnason, Árni Sveinsson, Þórarinn Orthop J Sports Med 117 BACKGROUND: Female athletes have a higher rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than males from adolescence and into maturity, which is suggested to result from sex-specific changes in dynamic movement patterns with maturation. Few studies have studied movement strategies and response to fatigue in children. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of fatigue on biomechanical variables associated with increased risk for ACL injury during a drop-jump (DJ) performance in children. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A total of 116 children (mean age, 10.4 years) were recruited from local sports clubs and performed 5 repetitions of a DJ task before and after a fatigue protocol. Kinematic and kinetic data from initial contact (IC) to the first peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) were analyzed for both limbs, including limb and fatigue as within-subject factors for analyses between boys and girls. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to identify associations between variables of interest. RESULTS: Girls demonstrated greater peak vGRF values than boys (by 8.1%; P < .05), there were greater peak vGRF values for the right limb than the left (by 6.2%; P < .001), and fatigue led to slightly greater values (P < .05). Although weak, the correlation between peak vGRF values and knee flexion excursion was stronger for girls (r = –0.20) than boys (r = –0.08) (P < .006). Fatigue resulted in greater knee flexion angles at IC and less excursion during landing, more so for girls (by 6.1° vs 1.4°; interaction, P < .001), although the knee flexion moment was generally lowered by fatigue (P < .001). Limb asymmetry in knee flexion moments was more pronounced for boys than for girls (interaction, P < .05), contrary to that seen in frontal plane knee moments, where asymmetry was much greater in girls than boys (interaction, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Even as young athletes, girls and boys seem to adopt dissimilar movement strategies and are differently affected by fatigue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injury prevention programs should be considered at an earlier age in an effort to lower the risk of ACL injury in athletes. SAGE Publications 2017-01-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5298470/ /pubmed/28203593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967116679640 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle 117
Briem, Kristín
Jónsdóttir, Kolbrún Vala
Árnason, Árni
Sveinsson, Þórarinn
Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children
title Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children
title_full Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children
title_fullStr Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children
title_short Effects of Sex and Fatigue on Biomechanical Measures During the Drop-Jump Task in Children
title_sort effects of sex and fatigue on biomechanical measures during the drop-jump task in children
topic 117
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298470/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28203593
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967116679640
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