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Concept and Development of an Electronic Framework Intended for Electrode and Surrounding Environment Characterization In Vivo

There has been substantial progress over the last decade towards miniaturizing implantable microelectrodes for use in Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMD). Compared to the rapid development and complexity of electrode miniaturization, methods to monitor and assess functional integrity and elect...

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Autores principales: Rieger, Stefan B., Pfau, Jennifer, Stieglitz, Thomas, Asplund, Maria, Ordonez, Juan S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28042815
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17010059
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author Rieger, Stefan B.
Pfau, Jennifer
Stieglitz, Thomas
Asplund, Maria
Ordonez, Juan S.
author_facet Rieger, Stefan B.
Pfau, Jennifer
Stieglitz, Thomas
Asplund, Maria
Ordonez, Juan S.
author_sort Rieger, Stefan B.
collection PubMed
description There has been substantial progress over the last decade towards miniaturizing implantable microelectrodes for use in Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMD). Compared to the rapid development and complexity of electrode miniaturization, methods to monitor and assess functional integrity and electrical functionality of these electrodes, particularly during long term stimulation, have not progressed to the same extent. Evaluation methods that form the gold standard, such as stimulus pulse testing, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are either still bound to laboratory infrastructure (impractical for long term in vivo experiments) or deliver no comprehensive insight into the material’s behaviour. As there is a lack of cost effective and practical predictive measures to understand long term electrode behaviour in vivo, material investigations need to be performed after explantation of the electrodes. We propose the analysis of the electrode and its environment in situ, to better understand and correlate the effects leading to electrode failure. The derived knowledge shall eventually lead to improved electrode designs, increased electrode functionality and safety in clinical applications. In this paper, the concept, design and prototyping of a sensor framework used to analyse the electrode’s behaviour and to monitor diverse electrode failure mechanisms, even during stimulation pulses, is presented. We focused on the electronic circuitry and data acquisition techniques required for a conceptual multi-sensor system. Functionality of single modules and a prototype framework have been demonstrated, but further work is needed to convert the prototype system into an implantable device. In vitro studies will be conducted first to verify sensor performance and reliability.
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spelling pubmed-52986322017-02-10 Concept and Development of an Electronic Framework Intended for Electrode and Surrounding Environment Characterization In Vivo Rieger, Stefan B. Pfau, Jennifer Stieglitz, Thomas Asplund, Maria Ordonez, Juan S. Sensors (Basel) Article There has been substantial progress over the last decade towards miniaturizing implantable microelectrodes for use in Active Implantable Medical Devices (AIMD). Compared to the rapid development and complexity of electrode miniaturization, methods to monitor and assess functional integrity and electrical functionality of these electrodes, particularly during long term stimulation, have not progressed to the same extent. Evaluation methods that form the gold standard, such as stimulus pulse testing, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are either still bound to laboratory infrastructure (impractical for long term in vivo experiments) or deliver no comprehensive insight into the material’s behaviour. As there is a lack of cost effective and practical predictive measures to understand long term electrode behaviour in vivo, material investigations need to be performed after explantation of the electrodes. We propose the analysis of the electrode and its environment in situ, to better understand and correlate the effects leading to electrode failure. The derived knowledge shall eventually lead to improved electrode designs, increased electrode functionality and safety in clinical applications. In this paper, the concept, design and prototyping of a sensor framework used to analyse the electrode’s behaviour and to monitor diverse electrode failure mechanisms, even during stimulation pulses, is presented. We focused on the electronic circuitry and data acquisition techniques required for a conceptual multi-sensor system. Functionality of single modules and a prototype framework have been demonstrated, but further work is needed to convert the prototype system into an implantable device. In vitro studies will be conducted first to verify sensor performance and reliability. MDPI 2016-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5298632/ /pubmed/28042815 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17010059 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rieger, Stefan B.
Pfau, Jennifer
Stieglitz, Thomas
Asplund, Maria
Ordonez, Juan S.
Concept and Development of an Electronic Framework Intended for Electrode and Surrounding Environment Characterization In Vivo
title Concept and Development of an Electronic Framework Intended for Electrode and Surrounding Environment Characterization In Vivo
title_full Concept and Development of an Electronic Framework Intended for Electrode and Surrounding Environment Characterization In Vivo
title_fullStr Concept and Development of an Electronic Framework Intended for Electrode and Surrounding Environment Characterization In Vivo
title_full_unstemmed Concept and Development of an Electronic Framework Intended for Electrode and Surrounding Environment Characterization In Vivo
title_short Concept and Development of an Electronic Framework Intended for Electrode and Surrounding Environment Characterization In Vivo
title_sort concept and development of an electronic framework intended for electrode and surrounding environment characterization in vivo
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298632/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28042815
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17010059
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