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Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects

Indoor fungi growth is an increasing home health problem as our homes are more tightly sealed. One thing that limits durability of the antifungal agents is the scarcity of reactive sites on many surfaces to attach these agents. In order to increase graft yield of photosensitizers to the fabrics, pol...

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Autores principales: Kim, Joo Ran, Michielsen, Stephen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28335371
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6120243
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author Kim, Joo Ran
Michielsen, Stephen
author_facet Kim, Joo Ran
Michielsen, Stephen
author_sort Kim, Joo Ran
collection PubMed
description Indoor fungi growth is an increasing home health problem as our homes are more tightly sealed. One thing that limits durability of the antifungal agents is the scarcity of reactive sites on many surfaces to attach these agents. In order to increase graft yield of photosensitizers to the fabrics, poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene sulfonic acid-co-vinyl benzyl rose bengal or phloxine B) were polymerized and then grafted to electrospun fabrics. In an alternative process, azure A or toluidine blue O were grafted to poly(acrylic acid), which was subsequently grafted to nanofiber-based and microfiber-based fabrics. The fabrics grafted with photosensitizers induced antifungal effects on all seven types of fungi in the order of rose bengal > phloxine B > toluidine blue O > azure A, which follows the quantum yield production of singlet oxygen for these photoactive dyes. Their inhibition rates for inactivating fungal spores decreased in the order of P. cinnamomi, T. viride, A. niger, A. fumigatus, C. globosum, P. funiculosum, and M. grisea, which is associated with lipid composition in membrane and the morphology of fungal spores. The antifungal activity was also correlated with the surface area of fabric types which grafted the photosensitizer covalently on the surface as determined by the bound color strength.
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spelling pubmed-53027222017-03-21 Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects Kim, Joo Ran Michielsen, Stephen Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Indoor fungi growth is an increasing home health problem as our homes are more tightly sealed. One thing that limits durability of the antifungal agents is the scarcity of reactive sites on many surfaces to attach these agents. In order to increase graft yield of photosensitizers to the fabrics, poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene sulfonic acid-co-vinyl benzyl rose bengal or phloxine B) were polymerized and then grafted to electrospun fabrics. In an alternative process, azure A or toluidine blue O were grafted to poly(acrylic acid), which was subsequently grafted to nanofiber-based and microfiber-based fabrics. The fabrics grafted with photosensitizers induced antifungal effects on all seven types of fungi in the order of rose bengal > phloxine B > toluidine blue O > azure A, which follows the quantum yield production of singlet oxygen for these photoactive dyes. Their inhibition rates for inactivating fungal spores decreased in the order of P. cinnamomi, T. viride, A. niger, A. fumigatus, C. globosum, P. funiculosum, and M. grisea, which is associated with lipid composition in membrane and the morphology of fungal spores. The antifungal activity was also correlated with the surface area of fabric types which grafted the photosensitizer covalently on the surface as determined by the bound color strength. MDPI 2016-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5302722/ /pubmed/28335371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6120243 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kim, Joo Ran
Michielsen, Stephen
Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects
title Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects
title_full Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects
title_fullStr Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects
title_short Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects
title_sort synthesis of antifungal agents from xanthene and thiazine dyes and analysis of their effects
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302722/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28335371
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6120243
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