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Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects
Indoor fungi growth is an increasing home health problem as our homes are more tightly sealed. One thing that limits durability of the antifungal agents is the scarcity of reactive sites on many surfaces to attach these agents. In order to increase graft yield of photosensitizers to the fabrics, pol...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302722/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28335371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6120243 |
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author | Kim, Joo Ran Michielsen, Stephen |
author_facet | Kim, Joo Ran Michielsen, Stephen |
author_sort | Kim, Joo Ran |
collection | PubMed |
description | Indoor fungi growth is an increasing home health problem as our homes are more tightly sealed. One thing that limits durability of the antifungal agents is the scarcity of reactive sites on many surfaces to attach these agents. In order to increase graft yield of photosensitizers to the fabrics, poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene sulfonic acid-co-vinyl benzyl rose bengal or phloxine B) were polymerized and then grafted to electrospun fabrics. In an alternative process, azure A or toluidine blue O were grafted to poly(acrylic acid), which was subsequently grafted to nanofiber-based and microfiber-based fabrics. The fabrics grafted with photosensitizers induced antifungal effects on all seven types of fungi in the order of rose bengal > phloxine B > toluidine blue O > azure A, which follows the quantum yield production of singlet oxygen for these photoactive dyes. Their inhibition rates for inactivating fungal spores decreased in the order of P. cinnamomi, T. viride, A. niger, A. fumigatus, C. globosum, P. funiculosum, and M. grisea, which is associated with lipid composition in membrane and the morphology of fungal spores. The antifungal activity was also correlated with the surface area of fabric types which grafted the photosensitizer covalently on the surface as determined by the bound color strength. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5302722 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53027222017-03-21 Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects Kim, Joo Ran Michielsen, Stephen Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Indoor fungi growth is an increasing home health problem as our homes are more tightly sealed. One thing that limits durability of the antifungal agents is the scarcity of reactive sites on many surfaces to attach these agents. In order to increase graft yield of photosensitizers to the fabrics, poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene sulfonic acid-co-vinyl benzyl rose bengal or phloxine B) were polymerized and then grafted to electrospun fabrics. In an alternative process, azure A or toluidine blue O were grafted to poly(acrylic acid), which was subsequently grafted to nanofiber-based and microfiber-based fabrics. The fabrics grafted with photosensitizers induced antifungal effects on all seven types of fungi in the order of rose bengal > phloxine B > toluidine blue O > azure A, which follows the quantum yield production of singlet oxygen for these photoactive dyes. Their inhibition rates for inactivating fungal spores decreased in the order of P. cinnamomi, T. viride, A. niger, A. fumigatus, C. globosum, P. funiculosum, and M. grisea, which is associated with lipid composition in membrane and the morphology of fungal spores. The antifungal activity was also correlated with the surface area of fabric types which grafted the photosensitizer covalently on the surface as determined by the bound color strength. MDPI 2016-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5302722/ /pubmed/28335371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6120243 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Joo Ran Michielsen, Stephen Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects |
title | Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects |
title_full | Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects |
title_fullStr | Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects |
title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects |
title_short | Synthesis of Antifungal Agents from Xanthene and Thiazine Dyes and Analysis of Their Effects |
title_sort | synthesis of antifungal agents from xanthene and thiazine dyes and analysis of their effects |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5302722/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28335371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano6120243 |
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