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A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic coccidian parasite causing morbidity and mortality. In Yemen, T. gondii infection has been reported among pregnant women seeking healthcare in the main cities. However, no data are available on the prevalence of T. gondii infection and its associated risk...

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Autores principales: Mahdy, Mohammed A. K., Alareqi, Lina M. Q., Abdul-Ghani, Rashad, Al-Eryani, Samira M. A., Al-Mikhlafy, Abdullah A., Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M., Alkarshy, Fawzya, Mahmud, Rohela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5304399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28190399
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0243-0
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author Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.
Alareqi, Lina M. Q.
Abdul-Ghani, Rashad
Al-Eryani, Samira M. A.
Al-Mikhlafy, Abdullah A.
Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M.
Alkarshy, Fawzya
Mahmud, Rohela
author_facet Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.
Alareqi, Lina M. Q.
Abdul-Ghani, Rashad
Al-Eryani, Samira M. A.
Al-Mikhlafy, Abdullah A.
Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M.
Alkarshy, Fawzya
Mahmud, Rohela
author_sort Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic coccidian parasite causing morbidity and mortality. In Yemen, T. gondii infection has been reported among pregnant women seeking healthcare in the main cities. However, no data are available on the prevalence of T. gondii infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in the rural communities of the country. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and identify its risk factors among pregnant women in the rural communities of Taiz governorate, Yemen. METHODS: A total of 359 pregnant women living in the rural communities of Taiz governorate were enrolled in this study by house-to-house visits. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire, and blood samples were collected and tested for the detection of anti- T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women in this study was 46.2% (166/359). Bivariate analysis identified the age of  ≥ 30 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.65, P = 0.019) and unimproved water sources (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.10–4.55, P = 0.023) as factors associated with T. gondii infection among pregnant women. The multivariable analysis, however, identified unimproved water sources as an independent risk factor (adjusted OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.16–5.0, P = 0.018) associated with T. gondii infection among pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women in the rural communities of Taiz, Yemen are at high risk of contracting T. gondii infection. Unimproved water sources (wells, water streams and water tanks) are significantly associated with T. gondii infection and should be considered in prevention and control strategies, especially among pregnant women. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0243-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-53043992017-03-13 A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission Mahdy, Mohammed A. K. Alareqi, Lina M. Q. Abdul-Ghani, Rashad Al-Eryani, Samira M. A. Al-Mikhlafy, Abdullah A. Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M. Alkarshy, Fawzya Mahmud, Rohela Infect Dis Poverty Short Report BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic coccidian parasite causing morbidity and mortality. In Yemen, T. gondii infection has been reported among pregnant women seeking healthcare in the main cities. However, no data are available on the prevalence of T. gondii infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in the rural communities of the country. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and identify its risk factors among pregnant women in the rural communities of Taiz governorate, Yemen. METHODS: A total of 359 pregnant women living in the rural communities of Taiz governorate were enrolled in this study by house-to-house visits. Data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire, and blood samples were collected and tested for the detection of anti- T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The prevalence of T. gondii infection among pregnant women in this study was 46.2% (166/359). Bivariate analysis identified the age of  ≥ 30 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.65, P = 0.019) and unimproved water sources (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.10–4.55, P = 0.023) as factors associated with T. gondii infection among pregnant women. The multivariable analysis, however, identified unimproved water sources as an independent risk factor (adjusted OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.16–5.0, P = 0.018) associated with T. gondii infection among pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant women in the rural communities of Taiz, Yemen are at high risk of contracting T. gondii infection. Unimproved water sources (wells, water streams and water tanks) are significantly associated with T. gondii infection and should be considered in prevention and control strategies, especially among pregnant women. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0243-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5304399/ /pubmed/28190399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0243-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Short Report
Mahdy, Mohammed A. K.
Alareqi, Lina M. Q.
Abdul-Ghani, Rashad
Al-Eryani, Samira M. A.
Al-Mikhlafy, Abdullah A.
Al-Mekhlafi, Abdulsalam M.
Alkarshy, Fawzya
Mahmud, Rohela
A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission
title A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission
title_full A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission
title_fullStr A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission
title_full_unstemmed A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission
title_short A community-based survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of Taiz governorate, Yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission
title_sort community-based survey of toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in rural areas of taiz governorate, yemen: the risk of waterborne transmission
topic Short Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5304399/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28190399
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-017-0243-0
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