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Numerical Modeling of Sub-Wavelength Anti-Reflective Structures for Solar Module Applications
This paper reviews the current progress in mathematical modeling of anti-reflective subwavelength structures. Methods covered include effective medium theory (EMT), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), transfer matrix method (TMM), the Fourier modal method (FMM)/rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5304610/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28348287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano4010087 |
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author | Han, Katherine Chang, Chih-Hung |
author_facet | Han, Katherine Chang, Chih-Hung |
author_sort | Han, Katherine |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper reviews the current progress in mathematical modeling of anti-reflective subwavelength structures. Methods covered include effective medium theory (EMT), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), transfer matrix method (TMM), the Fourier modal method (FMM)/rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and the finite element method (FEM). Time-based solutions to Maxwell’s equations, such as FDTD, have the benefits of calculating reflectance for multiple wavelengths of light per simulation, but are computationally intensive. Space-discretized methods such as FDTD and FEM output field strength results over the whole geometry and are capable of modeling arbitrary shapes. Frequency-based solutions such as RCWA/FMM and FEM model one wavelength per simulation and are thus able to handle dispersion for regular geometries. Analytical approaches such as TMM are appropriate for very simple thin films. Initial disadvantages such as neglect of dispersion (FDTD), inaccuracy in TM polarization (RCWA), inability to model aperiodic gratings (RCWA), and inaccuracy with metallic materials (FDTD) have been overcome by most modern software. All rigorous numerical methods have accurately predicted the broadband reflection of ideal, graded-index anti-reflective subwavelength structures; ideal structures are tapered nanostructures with periods smaller than the wavelengths of light of interest and lengths that are at least a large portion of the wavelengths considered. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5304610 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53046102017-03-21 Numerical Modeling of Sub-Wavelength Anti-Reflective Structures for Solar Module Applications Han, Katherine Chang, Chih-Hung Nanomaterials (Basel) Review This paper reviews the current progress in mathematical modeling of anti-reflective subwavelength structures. Methods covered include effective medium theory (EMT), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), transfer matrix method (TMM), the Fourier modal method (FMM)/rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and the finite element method (FEM). Time-based solutions to Maxwell’s equations, such as FDTD, have the benefits of calculating reflectance for multiple wavelengths of light per simulation, but are computationally intensive. Space-discretized methods such as FDTD and FEM output field strength results over the whole geometry and are capable of modeling arbitrary shapes. Frequency-based solutions such as RCWA/FMM and FEM model one wavelength per simulation and are thus able to handle dispersion for regular geometries. Analytical approaches such as TMM are appropriate for very simple thin films. Initial disadvantages such as neglect of dispersion (FDTD), inaccuracy in TM polarization (RCWA), inability to model aperiodic gratings (RCWA), and inaccuracy with metallic materials (FDTD) have been overcome by most modern software. All rigorous numerical methods have accurately predicted the broadband reflection of ideal, graded-index anti-reflective subwavelength structures; ideal structures are tapered nanostructures with periods smaller than the wavelengths of light of interest and lengths that are at least a large portion of the wavelengths considered. MDPI 2014-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5304610/ /pubmed/28348287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano4010087 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Han, Katherine Chang, Chih-Hung Numerical Modeling of Sub-Wavelength Anti-Reflective Structures for Solar Module Applications |
title | Numerical Modeling of Sub-Wavelength Anti-Reflective Structures for Solar Module Applications |
title_full | Numerical Modeling of Sub-Wavelength Anti-Reflective Structures for Solar Module Applications |
title_fullStr | Numerical Modeling of Sub-Wavelength Anti-Reflective Structures for Solar Module Applications |
title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Modeling of Sub-Wavelength Anti-Reflective Structures for Solar Module Applications |
title_short | Numerical Modeling of Sub-Wavelength Anti-Reflective Structures for Solar Module Applications |
title_sort | numerical modeling of sub-wavelength anti-reflective structures for solar module applications |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5304610/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28348287 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano4010087 |
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