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The shifting phenological landscape: Within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland
Many organisms rely on synchronizing the timing of their life‐history events with those of other trophic levels—known as phenological matching—for survival or successful reproduction. In temperate deciduous forests, the extent of matching with the budburst date of key tree species is of particular r...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5305997/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28303184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2718 |
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author | Cole, Ella F. Sheldon, Ben C. |
author_facet | Cole, Ella F. Sheldon, Ben C. |
author_sort | Cole, Ella F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many organisms rely on synchronizing the timing of their life‐history events with those of other trophic levels—known as phenological matching—for survival or successful reproduction. In temperate deciduous forests, the extent of matching with the budburst date of key tree species is of particular relevance for many herbivorous insects and, in turn, insectivorous birds. In order to understand the ecological and evolutionary forces operating in these systems, we require knowledge of the factors influencing leaf emergence of tree communities. However, little is known about how phenology at the level of individual trees varies across landscapes, or how consistent this spatial variation is between different tree species. Here, we use field observations, collected over 2 years, to characterize within‐ and between‐species differences in spring phenology for 825 trees of six species (Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, and Acer pseudoplatanus) in a 385‐ha woodland. We explore environmental predictors of individual variation in budburst date and bud development rate and establish how these phenological traits vary over space. Trees of all species showed markedly consistent individual differences in their budburst timing. Bud development rate also varied considerably between individuals and was repeatable in oak, beech, and sycamore. We identified multiple predictors of budburst date including altitude, local temperature, and soil type, but none were universal across species. Furthermore, we found no evidence for interspecific covariance of phenology over space within the woodland. These analyses suggest that phenological landscapes are highly complex, varying over small spatial scales both within and between species. Such spatial variation in vegetation phenology is likely to influence patterns of selection on phenology within populations of consumers. Knowledge of the factors shaping the phenological environments experienced by animals is therefore likely to be key in understanding how these evolutionary processes operate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5305997 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53059972017-03-16 The shifting phenological landscape: Within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland Cole, Ella F. Sheldon, Ben C. Ecol Evol Original Research Many organisms rely on synchronizing the timing of their life‐history events with those of other trophic levels—known as phenological matching—for survival or successful reproduction. In temperate deciduous forests, the extent of matching with the budburst date of key tree species is of particular relevance for many herbivorous insects and, in turn, insectivorous birds. In order to understand the ecological and evolutionary forces operating in these systems, we require knowledge of the factors influencing leaf emergence of tree communities. However, little is known about how phenology at the level of individual trees varies across landscapes, or how consistent this spatial variation is between different tree species. Here, we use field observations, collected over 2 years, to characterize within‐ and between‐species differences in spring phenology for 825 trees of six species (Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Fagus sylvatica, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, and Acer pseudoplatanus) in a 385‐ha woodland. We explore environmental predictors of individual variation in budburst date and bud development rate and establish how these phenological traits vary over space. Trees of all species showed markedly consistent individual differences in their budburst timing. Bud development rate also varied considerably between individuals and was repeatable in oak, beech, and sycamore. We identified multiple predictors of budburst date including altitude, local temperature, and soil type, but none were universal across species. Furthermore, we found no evidence for interspecific covariance of phenology over space within the woodland. These analyses suggest that phenological landscapes are highly complex, varying over small spatial scales both within and between species. Such spatial variation in vegetation phenology is likely to influence patterns of selection on phenology within populations of consumers. Knowledge of the factors shaping the phenological environments experienced by animals is therefore likely to be key in understanding how these evolutionary processes operate. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5305997/ /pubmed/28303184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2718 Text en © 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Cole, Ella F. Sheldon, Ben C. The shifting phenological landscape: Within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland |
title | The shifting phenological landscape: Within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland |
title_full | The shifting phenological landscape: Within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland |
title_fullStr | The shifting phenological landscape: Within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland |
title_full_unstemmed | The shifting phenological landscape: Within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland |
title_short | The shifting phenological landscape: Within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland |
title_sort | shifting phenological landscape: within‐ and between‐species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed‐deciduous woodland |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5305997/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28303184 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2718 |
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