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Prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors
Advances in neuroscience and pharmacology have led to improvements in the cognitive performance of people with neurological disease and other forms of cognitive decline. These same methods may also afford cognitive enhancement in people of otherwise normal cognitive abilities. “Cosmetic”, or suprano...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5306201/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28261075 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00063 |
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author | Davis, Nick J. |
author_facet | Davis, Nick J. |
author_sort | Davis, Nick J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Advances in neuroscience and pharmacology have led to improvements in the cognitive performance of people with neurological disease and other forms of cognitive decline. These same methods may also afford cognitive enhancement in people of otherwise normal cognitive abilities. “Cosmetic”, or supranormal, cognitive enhancement offers opportunities to enrich our social or financial status, our interactions with others, and the common wealth of our community. It is common to focus on the potential benefits of cognitive enhancement, while being less than clear about the possible drawbacks. Here I examine the harms or side-effects associated with a range of cognitive enhancement interventions. I propose a taxonomy of harms in cognitive enhancement, with harms classified as (neuro)biological, ethical, or societal. Biological harms are those that directly affect the person’s biological functioning, such as when a drug affects a person’s mood or autonomic function. Ethical harms are those that touch on issues such as fairness and cheating, or on erosion of autonomy and coercion. Societal harms are harms that affect whole populations, and which are normally the province of governments, such as the use of enhancement in military contexts. This taxonomy of harms will help to focus the debate around the use and regulation of cognitive enhancement. In particular it will help to clarify the appropriate network of stakeholders who should take an interest in each potential harm, and in minimizing the impact of these harms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5306201 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53062012017-03-03 Prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors Davis, Nick J. Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Advances in neuroscience and pharmacology have led to improvements in the cognitive performance of people with neurological disease and other forms of cognitive decline. These same methods may also afford cognitive enhancement in people of otherwise normal cognitive abilities. “Cosmetic”, or supranormal, cognitive enhancement offers opportunities to enrich our social or financial status, our interactions with others, and the common wealth of our community. It is common to focus on the potential benefits of cognitive enhancement, while being less than clear about the possible drawbacks. Here I examine the harms or side-effects associated with a range of cognitive enhancement interventions. I propose a taxonomy of harms in cognitive enhancement, with harms classified as (neuro)biological, ethical, or societal. Biological harms are those that directly affect the person’s biological functioning, such as when a drug affects a person’s mood or autonomic function. Ethical harms are those that touch on issues such as fairness and cheating, or on erosion of autonomy and coercion. Societal harms are harms that affect whole populations, and which are normally the province of governments, such as the use of enhancement in military contexts. This taxonomy of harms will help to focus the debate around the use and regulation of cognitive enhancement. In particular it will help to clarify the appropriate network of stakeholders who should take an interest in each potential harm, and in minimizing the impact of these harms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5306201/ /pubmed/28261075 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00063 Text en Copyright © 2017 Davis. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Davis, Nick J. Prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors |
title | Prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors |
title_full | Prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors |
title_fullStr | Prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors |
title_full_unstemmed | Prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors |
title_short | Prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors |
title_sort | prefrontal electrical stimulation in non-depressed reduces levels of reported negative affects from daily stressors |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5306201/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28261075 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00063 |
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