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The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection

The aim of this study was to determine the detailed anatomical structures of the superficial part of the masseter and to elucidate the boundaries and locations of the deep tendon structure within the superficial part of the masseter. Forty-four hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were u...

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Autores principales: Lee, Hyung-Jin, Kang, In-Won, Seo, Kyle K., Choi, You-Jin, Kim, Seong-Taek, Hu, Kyung-Seok, Kim, Hee-Jin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5308246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28042813
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9010014
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author Lee, Hyung-Jin
Kang, In-Won
Seo, Kyle K.
Choi, You-Jin
Kim, Seong-Taek
Hu, Kyung-Seok
Kim, Hee-Jin
author_facet Lee, Hyung-Jin
Kang, In-Won
Seo, Kyle K.
Choi, You-Jin
Kim, Seong-Taek
Hu, Kyung-Seok
Kim, Hee-Jin
author_sort Lee, Hyung-Jin
collection PubMed
description The aim of this study was to determine the detailed anatomical structures of the superficial part of the masseter and to elucidate the boundaries and locations of the deep tendon structure within the superficial part of the masseter. Forty-four hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were used in this study. The deep tendon structure was located deep in the lower third of the superficial part of the masseter. It was observed in all specimens and was designated as a deep inferior tendon (DIT). The relationship between the masseter and DIT could be classified into three types according to the coverage pattern: Type A, in which areas IV and V were covered by the DIT (27%, 12/44); Type B, in which areas V and VI were covered by the DIT (23%, 10/44); and Type C, in which areas IV, V, and VI were covered by the DIT (50%, 22/44). The superficial part of the masseter consists of not only the muscle belly but also the deep tendon structure. Based on the results obtained in this morphological study, we recommend performing layer-by-layer retrograde injections into the superficial and deep muscle bellies of the masseter.
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spelling pubmed-53082462017-02-14 The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection Lee, Hyung-Jin Kang, In-Won Seo, Kyle K. Choi, You-Jin Kim, Seong-Taek Hu, Kyung-Seok Kim, Hee-Jin Toxins (Basel) Article The aim of this study was to determine the detailed anatomical structures of the superficial part of the masseter and to elucidate the boundaries and locations of the deep tendon structure within the superficial part of the masseter. Forty-four hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were used in this study. The deep tendon structure was located deep in the lower third of the superficial part of the masseter. It was observed in all specimens and was designated as a deep inferior tendon (DIT). The relationship between the masseter and DIT could be classified into three types according to the coverage pattern: Type A, in which areas IV and V were covered by the DIT (27%, 12/44); Type B, in which areas V and VI were covered by the DIT (23%, 10/44); and Type C, in which areas IV, V, and VI were covered by the DIT (50%, 22/44). The superficial part of the masseter consists of not only the muscle belly but also the deep tendon structure. Based on the results obtained in this morphological study, we recommend performing layer-by-layer retrograde injections into the superficial and deep muscle bellies of the masseter. MDPI 2016-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5308246/ /pubmed/28042813 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9010014 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lee, Hyung-Jin
Kang, In-Won
Seo, Kyle K.
Choi, You-Jin
Kim, Seong-Taek
Hu, Kyung-Seok
Kim, Hee-Jin
The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection
title The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection
title_full The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection
title_fullStr The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection
title_full_unstemmed The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection
title_short The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection
title_sort anatomical basis of paradoxical masseteric bulging after botulinum neurotoxin type a injection
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5308246/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28042813
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9010014
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