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Is the Achievement Motive Gender-Biased? The Validity of TAT/PSE in Women and Men
In picture story exercises like the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Heckhausen, 1963), different pictures are presented to a person with the instruction to create a story using the scenes portrayed in the image. It is assumed, that people identify themselves with the people in the images and projec...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5309238/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28261126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00181 |
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author | Gruber, Nicole |
author_facet | Gruber, Nicole |
author_sort | Gruber, Nicole |
collection | PubMed |
description | In picture story exercises like the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Heckhausen, 1963), different pictures are presented to a person with the instruction to create a story using the scenes portrayed in the image. It is assumed, that people identify themselves with the people in the images and project their unconscious motives (e.g., achievement motive) onto them. As the TAT shows only men in the pictures, critics claimed the test is gender-biased; assuming women cannot identify with men in pictures. However, it was not assessed, whether female protagonists of the picture really trigger the same achievement motive as men. Therefore, two studies were conducted to address the gender difference and validity of the TAT using a version with only men in the pictures (study 1) or only women in the pictures (study 2). The results shows that the original TAT of Heckhausen is a valid instrument for women and men, but the modified version with only women in the pictures cannot validly measure the achievement motive in the male sample. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5309238 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53092382017-03-03 Is the Achievement Motive Gender-Biased? The Validity of TAT/PSE in Women and Men Gruber, Nicole Front Psychol Psychology In picture story exercises like the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Heckhausen, 1963), different pictures are presented to a person with the instruction to create a story using the scenes portrayed in the image. It is assumed, that people identify themselves with the people in the images and project their unconscious motives (e.g., achievement motive) onto them. As the TAT shows only men in the pictures, critics claimed the test is gender-biased; assuming women cannot identify with men in pictures. However, it was not assessed, whether female protagonists of the picture really trigger the same achievement motive as men. Therefore, two studies were conducted to address the gender difference and validity of the TAT using a version with only men in the pictures (study 1) or only women in the pictures (study 2). The results shows that the original TAT of Heckhausen is a valid instrument for women and men, but the modified version with only women in the pictures cannot validly measure the achievement motive in the male sample. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5309238/ /pubmed/28261126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00181 Text en Copyright © 2017 Gruber. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Gruber, Nicole Is the Achievement Motive Gender-Biased? The Validity of TAT/PSE in Women and Men |
title | Is the Achievement Motive Gender-Biased? The Validity of TAT/PSE in Women and Men |
title_full | Is the Achievement Motive Gender-Biased? The Validity of TAT/PSE in Women and Men |
title_fullStr | Is the Achievement Motive Gender-Biased? The Validity of TAT/PSE in Women and Men |
title_full_unstemmed | Is the Achievement Motive Gender-Biased? The Validity of TAT/PSE in Women and Men |
title_short | Is the Achievement Motive Gender-Biased? The Validity of TAT/PSE in Women and Men |
title_sort | is the achievement motive gender-biased? the validity of tat/pse in women and men |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5309238/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28261126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00181 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT grubernicole istheachievementmotivegenderbiasedthevalidityoftatpseinwomenandmen |