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Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil
Slow release of nitrate by charred organic matter used as a soil amendment (i.e. biochar) was recently suggested as potential mechanism of nutrient delivery to plants which may explain some agronomic benefits of biochar. So far, isolated soil-aged and composted biochar particles were shown to releas...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5310885/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28199354 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171214 |
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author | Hagemann, Nikolas Kammann, Claudia I. Schmidt, Hans-Peter Kappler, Andreas Behrens, Sebastian |
author_facet | Hagemann, Nikolas Kammann, Claudia I. Schmidt, Hans-Peter Kappler, Andreas Behrens, Sebastian |
author_sort | Hagemann, Nikolas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Slow release of nitrate by charred organic matter used as a soil amendment (i.e. biochar) was recently suggested as potential mechanism of nutrient delivery to plants which may explain some agronomic benefits of biochar. So far, isolated soil-aged and composted biochar particles were shown to release considerable amounts of nitrate only in extended (>1 h) extractions (“slow release”). In this study, we quantified nitrate and ammonium release by biochar-amended soil and compost during up to 167 h of repeated extractions in up to six consecutive steps to determine the effect of biochar on the overall mineral nitrogen retention. We used composts produced from mixed manures amended with three contrasting biochars prior to aerobic composting and a loamy soil that was amended with biochar three years prior to analysis and compared both to non-biochar amended controls. Composts were extracted with 2 M KCl at 22°C and 65°C, after sterilization, after treatment with H(2)O(2), after removing biochar particles or without any modification. Soils were extracted with 2 M KCl at 22°C. Ammonium was continuously released during the extractions, independent of biochar amendment and is probably the result of abiotic ammonification. For the pure compost, nitrate extraction was complete after 1 h, while from biochar-amended composts, up to 30% of total nitrate extracted was only released during subsequent extraction steps. The loamy soil released 70% of its total nitrate amount in subsequent extractions, the biochar-amended soil 58%. However, biochar amendment doubled the amount of total extractable nitrate. Thus, biochar nitrate capture can be a relevant contribution to the overall nitrate retention in agroecosystems. Our results also indicate that the total nitrate amount in biochar amended soils and composts may frequently be underestimated. Furthermore, biochars could prevent nitrate loss from agroecosystems and may be developed into slow-release fertilizers to reduce global N fertilizer demands. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5310885 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53108852017-03-03 Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil Hagemann, Nikolas Kammann, Claudia I. Schmidt, Hans-Peter Kappler, Andreas Behrens, Sebastian PLoS One Research Article Slow release of nitrate by charred organic matter used as a soil amendment (i.e. biochar) was recently suggested as potential mechanism of nutrient delivery to plants which may explain some agronomic benefits of biochar. So far, isolated soil-aged and composted biochar particles were shown to release considerable amounts of nitrate only in extended (>1 h) extractions (“slow release”). In this study, we quantified nitrate and ammonium release by biochar-amended soil and compost during up to 167 h of repeated extractions in up to six consecutive steps to determine the effect of biochar on the overall mineral nitrogen retention. We used composts produced from mixed manures amended with three contrasting biochars prior to aerobic composting and a loamy soil that was amended with biochar three years prior to analysis and compared both to non-biochar amended controls. Composts were extracted with 2 M KCl at 22°C and 65°C, after sterilization, after treatment with H(2)O(2), after removing biochar particles or without any modification. Soils were extracted with 2 M KCl at 22°C. Ammonium was continuously released during the extractions, independent of biochar amendment and is probably the result of abiotic ammonification. For the pure compost, nitrate extraction was complete after 1 h, while from biochar-amended composts, up to 30% of total nitrate extracted was only released during subsequent extraction steps. The loamy soil released 70% of its total nitrate amount in subsequent extractions, the biochar-amended soil 58%. However, biochar amendment doubled the amount of total extractable nitrate. Thus, biochar nitrate capture can be a relevant contribution to the overall nitrate retention in agroecosystems. Our results also indicate that the total nitrate amount in biochar amended soils and composts may frequently be underestimated. Furthermore, biochars could prevent nitrate loss from agroecosystems and may be developed into slow-release fertilizers to reduce global N fertilizer demands. Public Library of Science 2017-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5310885/ /pubmed/28199354 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171214 Text en © 2017 Hagemann et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Hagemann, Nikolas Kammann, Claudia I. Schmidt, Hans-Peter Kappler, Andreas Behrens, Sebastian Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil |
title | Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil |
title_full | Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil |
title_fullStr | Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil |
title_full_unstemmed | Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil |
title_short | Nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil |
title_sort | nitrate capture and slow release in biochar amended compost and soil |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5310885/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28199354 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171214 |
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