Is it time to rethink combined liver-kidney transplant in hepatitis C patients with advanced fibrosis?

AIM: To reduce hepatic and extrahepatic complications of chronic hepatitis C in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of kidney only transplant in patients with hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis. RESULTS: The 5 year patient survival of kidney transplant recipients with and without hepatitis C cirrhosis ranged from 31% to 90% and 85% to 92%, respectively. Hepatitis C kidney transplant recipients had lower 10-year survival when compared to hepatitis B patients, 40% and 90% respectively. There were no studies that included patients with virologic cure prior to kidney transplant that reported post-kidney transplant outcomes. There were no studies of direct acting antiviral therapy and effect on patient or graft survival after kidney transplantation. CONCLUSION: Data on kidney transplant only in hepatitis C patients that reported inferior outcomes were prior to the development of potent direct acting antiviral. With the development of potent directing acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C with high cure rates studies are needed to determine if patients with hepatitis C, including those with advanced fibrosis, can undergo kidney transplant alone with acceptable long term outcomes.