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A Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporating Binaural Inhibition
This article describes a model of loudness for time-varying sounds that incorporates the concept of binaural inhibition, namely, that the signal applied to one ear can reduce the internal response to a signal at the other ear. For each ear, the model includes the following: a filter to allow for the...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5318944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28215113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216516682698 |
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author | Moore, Brian C. J. Glasberg, Brian R. Varathanathan, Ajanth Schlittenlacher, Josef |
author_facet | Moore, Brian C. J. Glasberg, Brian R. Varathanathan, Ajanth Schlittenlacher, Josef |
author_sort | Moore, Brian C. J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | This article describes a model of loudness for time-varying sounds that incorporates the concept of binaural inhibition, namely, that the signal applied to one ear can reduce the internal response to a signal at the other ear. For each ear, the model includes the following: a filter to allow for the effects of transfer of sound through the outer and middle ear; a short-term spectral analysis with greater frequency resolution at low than at high frequencies; calculation of an excitation pattern, representing the magnitudes of the outputs of the auditory filters as a function of center frequency; application of a compressive nonlinearity to the output of each auditory filter; and smoothing over time of the resulting instantaneous specific loudness pattern using an averaging process resembling an automatic gain control. The resulting short-term specific loudness patterns are used to calculate broadly tuned binaural inhibition functions, the amount of inhibition depending on the relative short-term specific loudness at the two ears. The inhibited specific loudness patterns are summed across frequency to give an estimate of the short-term loudness for each ear. The overall short-term loudness is calculated as the sum of the short-term loudness values for the two ears. The long-term loudness for each ear is calculated by smoothing the short-term loudness for that ear, again by a process resembling automatic gain control, and the overall loudness impression is obtained by summing the long-term loudness across ears. The predictions of the model are more accurate than those of an earlier model that did not incorporate binaural inhibition. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5318944 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53189442017-03-02 A Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporating Binaural Inhibition Moore, Brian C. J. Glasberg, Brian R. Varathanathan, Ajanth Schlittenlacher, Josef Trends Hear Original Articles This article describes a model of loudness for time-varying sounds that incorporates the concept of binaural inhibition, namely, that the signal applied to one ear can reduce the internal response to a signal at the other ear. For each ear, the model includes the following: a filter to allow for the effects of transfer of sound through the outer and middle ear; a short-term spectral analysis with greater frequency resolution at low than at high frequencies; calculation of an excitation pattern, representing the magnitudes of the outputs of the auditory filters as a function of center frequency; application of a compressive nonlinearity to the output of each auditory filter; and smoothing over time of the resulting instantaneous specific loudness pattern using an averaging process resembling an automatic gain control. The resulting short-term specific loudness patterns are used to calculate broadly tuned binaural inhibition functions, the amount of inhibition depending on the relative short-term specific loudness at the two ears. The inhibited specific loudness patterns are summed across frequency to give an estimate of the short-term loudness for each ear. The overall short-term loudness is calculated as the sum of the short-term loudness values for the two ears. The long-term loudness for each ear is calculated by smoothing the short-term loudness for that ear, again by a process resembling automatic gain control, and the overall loudness impression is obtained by summing the long-term loudness across ears. The predictions of the model are more accurate than those of an earlier model that did not incorporate binaural inhibition. SAGE Publications 2016-12-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5318944/ /pubmed/28215113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216516682698 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Moore, Brian C. J. Glasberg, Brian R. Varathanathan, Ajanth Schlittenlacher, Josef A Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporating Binaural Inhibition |
title | A Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporating Binaural Inhibition |
title_full | A Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporating Binaural Inhibition |
title_fullStr | A Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporating Binaural Inhibition |
title_full_unstemmed | A Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporating Binaural Inhibition |
title_short | A Loudness Model for Time-Varying Sounds Incorporating Binaural Inhibition |
title_sort | loudness model for time-varying sounds incorporating binaural inhibition |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5318944/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28215113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216516682698 |
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