Cargando…
Amitraz, an underrecognized poison: A systematic review
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Amitraz is a member of formamidine family of pesticides. Poisoning from amitraz is underrecognized even in areas where it is widely available. It is frequently misdiagnosed as organophosphate poisoning. This systematic review provides information on the epidemiology, tox...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2016
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5320840/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139533 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.198723 |
_version_ | 1782509618531926016 |
---|---|
author | Dhooria, Sahajal Agarwal, Ritesh |
author_facet | Dhooria, Sahajal Agarwal, Ritesh |
author_sort | Dhooria, Sahajal |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Amitraz is a member of formamidine family of pesticides. Poisoning from amitraz is underrecognized even in areas where it is widely available. It is frequently misdiagnosed as organophosphate poisoning. This systematic review provides information on the epidemiology, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, diagnosis and management of amitraz poisoning. METHODS: Medline and Embase databases were searched systematically (since inception to January 2014) for case reports, case series and original articles using the following search terms: ‘amitraz’, ‘poisoning’, ‘toxicity’, ‘intoxication’ and ‘overdose’. Articles published in a language other than English, abstracts and those not providing sufficient clinical information were excluded. RESULTS: The original search yielded 239 articles, of which 52 articles described human cases. After following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 studies describing 310 cases (151 females, 175 children) of human poisoning with amitraz were included in this systematic review. The most commonly reported clinical features of amitraz poisoning were altered sensorium, miosis, hyperglycaemia, bradycardia, vomiting, respiratory failure, hypotension and hypothermia. Amitraz poisoning carried a good prognosis with only six reported deaths (case fatality rate, 1.9%). Nearly 20 and 11.9 per cent of the patients required mechanical ventilation and inotropic support, respectively. The role of decontamination methods, namely, gastric lavage and activated charcoal was unclear. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our review shows that amitraz is an important agent for accidental or suicidal poisoning in both adults and children. It has a good prognosis with supportive management. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5320840 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53208402017-03-01 Amitraz, an underrecognized poison: A systematic review Dhooria, Sahajal Agarwal, Ritesh Indian J Med Res Systematic Review BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Amitraz is a member of formamidine family of pesticides. Poisoning from amitraz is underrecognized even in areas where it is widely available. It is frequently misdiagnosed as organophosphate poisoning. This systematic review provides information on the epidemiology, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, diagnosis and management of amitraz poisoning. METHODS: Medline and Embase databases were searched systematically (since inception to January 2014) for case reports, case series and original articles using the following search terms: ‘amitraz’, ‘poisoning’, ‘toxicity’, ‘intoxication’ and ‘overdose’. Articles published in a language other than English, abstracts and those not providing sufficient clinical information were excluded. RESULTS: The original search yielded 239 articles, of which 52 articles described human cases. After following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 studies describing 310 cases (151 females, 175 children) of human poisoning with amitraz were included in this systematic review. The most commonly reported clinical features of amitraz poisoning were altered sensorium, miosis, hyperglycaemia, bradycardia, vomiting, respiratory failure, hypotension and hypothermia. Amitraz poisoning carried a good prognosis with only six reported deaths (case fatality rate, 1.9%). Nearly 20 and 11.9 per cent of the patients required mechanical ventilation and inotropic support, respectively. The role of decontamination methods, namely, gastric lavage and activated charcoal was unclear. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Our review shows that amitraz is an important agent for accidental or suicidal poisoning in both adults and children. It has a good prognosis with supportive management. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2016-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5320840/ /pubmed/28139533 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.198723 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Indian Journal of Medical Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Dhooria, Sahajal Agarwal, Ritesh Amitraz, an underrecognized poison: A systematic review |
title | Amitraz, an underrecognized poison: A systematic review |
title_full | Amitraz, an underrecognized poison: A systematic review |
title_fullStr | Amitraz, an underrecognized poison: A systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed | Amitraz, an underrecognized poison: A systematic review |
title_short | Amitraz, an underrecognized poison: A systematic review |
title_sort | amitraz, an underrecognized poison: a systematic review |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5320840/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28139533 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.198723 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dhooriasahajal amitrazanunderrecognizedpoisonasystematicreview AT agarwalritesh amitrazanunderrecognizedpoisonasystematicreview |