Les cardiopathies de l’enfant au CHU Souro Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso: aspects échocardiographies et thérapeutiques

Children's heart diseases in Africa represent a public health problem that is difficult to cope with due to young population density, low socioeconomic status and lack of suitable technical platforms. This study aims to highlight the echocardiographic and therapeutic aspects of cardiopathies in children hospitalized at the pediatric department of the University Hospital Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over the period January 2013-December 2014 (24 months). It was based on a literature review of echocardiography reports performed on children under 15 years of age in the echocardiography laboratory of CHUSS and of medical records of their therapeutic follow-up. During the study period, 184 echocardiographic examinations were performed and allowed identification of 93 cases of children with heart disease (50.50% of cases). Among them, 71% (66/93) of cases with congenital cardiopathies were distinguished and 29% (27/93) of acquired cardiopathies. The most common congenital heart diseases were: IVC (27.2%), IAC (10.6%), AVC (7.5%), F4T (9.1%), CAT (6%), related forms ( 15%). Acquired heart diseases were dominated by rheumatic valve diseases (48%), hypokinetic dilated cardiomyopathy (33.3%) and pericardial tamponade (18.5%). Surgery was recommended in 53.7% (50/93) of cases, of whom 86% (43/50) with congenital heart diseases and 14% (7/50) with acquired heart diseases. 21% (9/43) of patients with congenital heart diseases underwent cardiac surgery. No acquired heart disease requiring surgery was surgically treated. Cardiopathies in children are frequent in Bobo-Dioulasso. Multidisciplinary strategies associated with resource optimization should improve the management of these cardiopathies.