Quantum criticality at the superconductor-insulator transition revealed by specific heat measurements

The superconductor–insulator transition (SIT) is considered an excellent example of a quantum phase transition that is driven by quantum fluctuations at zero temperature. The quantum critical point is characterized by a diverging correlation length and a vanishing energy scale. Low-energy fluctuations near quantum criticality may be experimentally detected by specific heat, c(p), measurements. Here we use a unique highly sensitive experiment to measure c(p) of two-dimensional granular Pb films through the SIT. The specific heat shows the usual jump at the mean field superconducting transition temperature [Image: see text] marking the onset of Cooper pairs formation. As the film thickness is tuned towards the SIT, [Image: see text] is relatively unchanged, while the magnitude of the jump and low-temperature specific heat increase significantly. This behaviour is taken as the thermodynamic fingerprint of quantum criticality in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition.