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The impact of congestion charging on social capital()
We analyse a new data set to examine how congestion charging policies affect an individual’s investment social capital. We exploit a (quasi-) natural experiment - the implementation of the Western Extension Zone (WEZ) to the London Congestion Charging zone in 2007. We measure investment in social ca...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Pergamon
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5327955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28280291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.01.018 |
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author | Munford, Luke A. |
author_facet | Munford, Luke A. |
author_sort | Munford, Luke A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | We analyse a new data set to examine how congestion charging policies affect an individual’s investment social capital. We exploit a (quasi-) natural experiment - the implementation of the Western Extension Zone (WEZ) to the London Congestion Charging zone in 2007. We measure investment in social capital by using the frequency of visits to friends and family before and after the implementation of the WEZ. Using longitudinal data collected in January and November 2007 made available by Transport for London, we perform difference-in-difference analysis, using both OLS and interval regression, with the treatment group defined as those who used a car to make visits pre-WEZ. We observe large and statistically significant reductions in visits as a result of the WEZ, with, for example, a reduction of around 20 visits a year to friends. The effect of the WEZ on the number of visits to act as an informal carer is much larger, with reductions of around 100 visits a year. Given that the changes occurred in such a small time frame (10 months), we conclude that the WEZ is likely to be the main driver of these reductions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5327955 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Pergamon |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53279552017-03-07 The impact of congestion charging on social capital() Munford, Luke A. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract Article We analyse a new data set to examine how congestion charging policies affect an individual’s investment social capital. We exploit a (quasi-) natural experiment - the implementation of the Western Extension Zone (WEZ) to the London Congestion Charging zone in 2007. We measure investment in social capital by using the frequency of visits to friends and family before and after the implementation of the WEZ. Using longitudinal data collected in January and November 2007 made available by Transport for London, we perform difference-in-difference analysis, using both OLS and interval regression, with the treatment group defined as those who used a car to make visits pre-WEZ. We observe large and statistically significant reductions in visits as a result of the WEZ, with, for example, a reduction of around 20 visits a year to friends. The effect of the WEZ on the number of visits to act as an informal carer is much larger, with reductions of around 100 visits a year. Given that the changes occurred in such a small time frame (10 months), we conclude that the WEZ is likely to be the main driver of these reductions. Pergamon 2017-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5327955/ /pubmed/28280291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.01.018 Text en © 2017 The Author http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Munford, Luke A. The impact of congestion charging on social capital() |
title | The impact of congestion charging on social capital() |
title_full | The impact of congestion charging on social capital() |
title_fullStr | The impact of congestion charging on social capital() |
title_full_unstemmed | The impact of congestion charging on social capital() |
title_short | The impact of congestion charging on social capital() |
title_sort | impact of congestion charging on social capital() |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5327955/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28280291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.01.018 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT munfordlukea theimpactofcongestionchargingonsocialcapital AT munfordlukea impactofcongestionchargingonsocialcapital |