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Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder

The human brain is the outcome of innumerable evolutionary processes; the systems genetics of psychiatric disorders could bear their signatures. On this basis, we analyzed five psychiatric disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major de...

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Autores principales: Polimanti, Renato, Gelernter, Joel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5328401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28187187
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006618
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author Polimanti, Renato
Gelernter, Joel
author_facet Polimanti, Renato
Gelernter, Joel
author_sort Polimanti, Renato
collection PubMed
description The human brain is the outcome of innumerable evolutionary processes; the systems genetics of psychiatric disorders could bear their signatures. On this basis, we analyzed five psychiatric disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia (SCZ), using GWAS summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Machine learning-derived scores were used to investigate two natural-selection scenarios: complete selection (loci where a selected allele reached fixation) and incomplete selection (loci where a selected allele has not yet reached fixation). ASD GWAS results positively correlated with incomplete-selection (p = 3.53*10(−4)). Variants with ASD GWAS p<0.1 were shown to have a 19%-increased probability to be in the top-5% for incomplete-selection score (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.11–1.8, p = 9.56*10(−7)). Investigating the effect directions of minor alleles, we observed an enrichment for positive associations in SNPs with ASD GWAS p<0.1 and top-5% incomplete-selection score (permutation p<10(−4)). Considering the set of these ASD-positive-associated variants, we observed gene-expression enrichments for brain and pituitary tissues (p = 2.3*10(−5) and p = 3*10(−5), respectively) and 53 gene ontology (GO) enrichments, such as nervous system development (GO:0007399, p = 7.57*10(−12)), synapse organization (GO:0050808, p = 8.29*10(−7)), and axon guidance (GO:0007411, p = 1.81*10(−7)). Previous genetic studies demonstrated that ASD positively correlates with childhood intelligence, college completion, and years of schooling. Accordingly, we hypothesize that certain ASD risk alleles were under positive selection during human evolution due to their involvement in neurogenesis and cognitive ability.
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spelling pubmed-53284012017-03-10 Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder Polimanti, Renato Gelernter, Joel PLoS Genet Research Article The human brain is the outcome of innumerable evolutionary processes; the systems genetics of psychiatric disorders could bear their signatures. On this basis, we analyzed five psychiatric disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia (SCZ), using GWAS summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Machine learning-derived scores were used to investigate two natural-selection scenarios: complete selection (loci where a selected allele reached fixation) and incomplete selection (loci where a selected allele has not yet reached fixation). ASD GWAS results positively correlated with incomplete-selection (p = 3.53*10(−4)). Variants with ASD GWAS p<0.1 were shown to have a 19%-increased probability to be in the top-5% for incomplete-selection score (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.11–1.8, p = 9.56*10(−7)). Investigating the effect directions of minor alleles, we observed an enrichment for positive associations in SNPs with ASD GWAS p<0.1 and top-5% incomplete-selection score (permutation p<10(−4)). Considering the set of these ASD-positive-associated variants, we observed gene-expression enrichments for brain and pituitary tissues (p = 2.3*10(−5) and p = 3*10(−5), respectively) and 53 gene ontology (GO) enrichments, such as nervous system development (GO:0007399, p = 7.57*10(−12)), synapse organization (GO:0050808, p = 8.29*10(−7)), and axon guidance (GO:0007411, p = 1.81*10(−7)). Previous genetic studies demonstrated that ASD positively correlates with childhood intelligence, college completion, and years of schooling. Accordingly, we hypothesize that certain ASD risk alleles were under positive selection during human evolution due to their involvement in neurogenesis and cognitive ability. Public Library of Science 2017-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5328401/ /pubmed/28187187 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006618 Text en © 2017 Polimanti, Gelernter http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Polimanti, Renato
Gelernter, Joel
Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder
title Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder
title_full Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder
title_fullStr Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder
title_full_unstemmed Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder
title_short Widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder
title_sort widespread signatures of positive selection in common risk alleles associated to autism spectrum disorder
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5328401/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28187187
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006618
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