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[Pyr(1)]Apelin-13((1–12)) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13
Aims: Apelin is a predicted substrate for ACE2, a novel therapeutic target. Our aim was to demonstrate the endogenous presence of the putative ACE2 product [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) in human cardiovascular tissues and to confirm it retains significant biological activity for the apelin receptor in v...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329011/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28293165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00092 |
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author | Yang, Peiran Kuc, Rhoda E. Brame, Aimée L. Dyson, Alex Singer, Mervyn Glen, Robert C. Cheriyan, Joseph Wilkinson, Ian B. Davenport, Anthony P. Maguire, Janet J. |
author_facet | Yang, Peiran Kuc, Rhoda E. Brame, Aimée L. Dyson, Alex Singer, Mervyn Glen, Robert C. Cheriyan, Joseph Wilkinson, Ian B. Davenport, Anthony P. Maguire, Janet J. |
author_sort | Yang, Peiran |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aims: Apelin is a predicted substrate for ACE2, a novel therapeutic target. Our aim was to demonstrate the endogenous presence of the putative ACE2 product [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) in human cardiovascular tissues and to confirm it retains significant biological activity for the apelin receptor in vitro and in vivo. The minimum active apelin fragment was also investigated. Methods and Results: [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 incubated with recombinant human ACE2 resulted in de novo generation of [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) identified by mass spectrometry. Endogenous [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) was detected by immunostaining in human heart and lung localized to the endothelium. Expression was undetectable in lung from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In human heart [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) (pK(i) = 8.04 ± 0.06) and apelin-13(F13A) (pK(i) = 8.07 ± 0.24) competed with [(125)I]apelin-13 binding with nanomolar affinity, 4-fold lower than for [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 (pK(i) = 8.83 ± 0.06) whereas apelin-17 exhibited highest affinity (pK(i) = 9.63 ± 0.17). The rank order of potency of peptides to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP was apelin-17 (pD(2) = 10.31 ± 0.28) > [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 (pD(2) = 9.67 ± 0.04) ≥ apelin-13(F13A) (pD(2) = 9.54 ± 0.05) > [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) (pD(2) = 9.30 ± 0.06). The truncated peptide apelin-13(R10M) retained nanomolar potency (pD(2) = 8.70 ± 0.04) but shorter fragments exhibited low micromolar potency. In a β-arrestin recruitment assay the rank order of potency was apelin-17 (pD(2) = 10.26 ± 0.09) >> [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 (pD(2) = 8.43 ± 0.08) > apelin-13(R10M) (pD(2) = 8.26 ± 0.17) > apelin-13(F13A) (pD(2) = 7.98 ± 0.04) ≥ [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) (pD(2) = 7.84 ± 0.06) >> shorter fragments (pD(2) < 6). [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) and apelin-13(F13A) contracted human saphenous vein with similar sub-nanomolar potencies and [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) was a potent inotrope in paced mouse right ventricle and human atria. [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) elicited a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure in anesthetized rat and dose-dependent increase in forearm blood flow in human volunteers. Conclusions: We provide evidence that ACE2 cleaves [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 to [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) and this cleavage product is expressed in human cardiovascular tissues. We have demonstrated biological activity of [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) at the human and rodent apelin receptor in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that reported enhanced ACE2 activity in cardiovascular disease should not significantly compromise the beneficial effects of apelin based therapies for example in PAH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5329011 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53290112017-03-14 [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13((1–12)) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13 Yang, Peiran Kuc, Rhoda E. Brame, Aimée L. Dyson, Alex Singer, Mervyn Glen, Robert C. Cheriyan, Joseph Wilkinson, Ian B. Davenport, Anthony P. Maguire, Janet J. Front Neurosci Neuroscience Aims: Apelin is a predicted substrate for ACE2, a novel therapeutic target. Our aim was to demonstrate the endogenous presence of the putative ACE2 product [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) in human cardiovascular tissues and to confirm it retains significant biological activity for the apelin receptor in vitro and in vivo. The minimum active apelin fragment was also investigated. Methods and Results: [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 incubated with recombinant human ACE2 resulted in de novo generation of [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) identified by mass spectrometry. Endogenous [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) was detected by immunostaining in human heart and lung localized to the endothelium. Expression was undetectable in lung from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In human heart [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) (pK(i) = 8.04 ± 0.06) and apelin-13(F13A) (pK(i) = 8.07 ± 0.24) competed with [(125)I]apelin-13 binding with nanomolar affinity, 4-fold lower than for [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 (pK(i) = 8.83 ± 0.06) whereas apelin-17 exhibited highest affinity (pK(i) = 9.63 ± 0.17). The rank order of potency of peptides to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP was apelin-17 (pD(2) = 10.31 ± 0.28) > [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 (pD(2) = 9.67 ± 0.04) ≥ apelin-13(F13A) (pD(2) = 9.54 ± 0.05) > [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) (pD(2) = 9.30 ± 0.06). The truncated peptide apelin-13(R10M) retained nanomolar potency (pD(2) = 8.70 ± 0.04) but shorter fragments exhibited low micromolar potency. In a β-arrestin recruitment assay the rank order of potency was apelin-17 (pD(2) = 10.26 ± 0.09) >> [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 (pD(2) = 8.43 ± 0.08) > apelin-13(R10M) (pD(2) = 8.26 ± 0.17) > apelin-13(F13A) (pD(2) = 7.98 ± 0.04) ≥ [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) (pD(2) = 7.84 ± 0.06) >> shorter fragments (pD(2) < 6). [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) and apelin-13(F13A) contracted human saphenous vein with similar sub-nanomolar potencies and [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) was a potent inotrope in paced mouse right ventricle and human atria. [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) elicited a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure in anesthetized rat and dose-dependent increase in forearm blood flow in human volunteers. Conclusions: We provide evidence that ACE2 cleaves [Pyr(1)]apelin-13 to [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) and this cleavage product is expressed in human cardiovascular tissues. We have demonstrated biological activity of [Pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) at the human and rodent apelin receptor in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that reported enhanced ACE2 activity in cardiovascular disease should not significantly compromise the beneficial effects of apelin based therapies for example in PAH. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5329011/ /pubmed/28293165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00092 Text en Copyright © 2017 Yang, Kuc, Brame, Dyson, Singer, Glen, Cheriyan, Wilkinson, Davenport and Maguire. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Yang, Peiran Kuc, Rhoda E. Brame, Aimée L. Dyson, Alex Singer, Mervyn Glen, Robert C. Cheriyan, Joseph Wilkinson, Ian B. Davenport, Anthony P. Maguire, Janet J. [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13((1–12)) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13 |
title | [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13((1–12)) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13 |
title_full | [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13((1–12)) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13 |
title_fullStr | [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13((1–12)) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13 |
title_full_unstemmed | [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13((1–12)) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13 |
title_short | [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13((1–12)) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr(1)]Apelin-13 |
title_sort | [pyr(1)]apelin-13((1–12)) is a biologically active ace2 metabolite of the endogenous cardiovascular peptide [pyr(1)]apelin-13 |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329011/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28293165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00092 |
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