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Age-Appropriate Functions and Dysfunctions of the Neonatal Neutrophil
Neonatal and adult neutrophils are distinctly different from one another due to well-defined and documented deficiencies in neonatal cells, including impaired functions, reduced concentrations of microbicidal proteins and enzymes necessary for pathogen destruction, and variances in cell surface rece...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329040/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28293548 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00023 |
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author | Lawrence, Shelley Melissa Corriden, Ross Nizet, Victor |
author_facet | Lawrence, Shelley Melissa Corriden, Ross Nizet, Victor |
author_sort | Lawrence, Shelley Melissa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neonatal and adult neutrophils are distinctly different from one another due to well-defined and documented deficiencies in neonatal cells, including impaired functions, reduced concentrations of microbicidal proteins and enzymes necessary for pathogen destruction, and variances in cell surface receptors. Neutrophil maturation is clearly demonstrated throughout pregnancy from the earliest hematopoietic precursors in the yolk sac to the well-developed myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow around the seventh month of gestation. Notable deficiencies of neonatal neutrophils are generally correlated with gestational age and clinical condition, so that the least functional neutrophils are found in the youngest, sickest neonates. Interruption of normal gestation secondary to preterm birth exposes these shortcomings and places the neonate at an exceptionally high rate of infection and sepsis-related mortality. Because the fetus develops in a sterile environment, neonatal adaptive immune responses are deficient from lack of antigen exposure in utero. Newborns must therefore rely on innate immunity to protect against early infection. Neutrophils are a vital component of innate immunity since they are the first cells to respond to and defend against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. However, notable phenotypic and functional disparities exist between neonatal and adult cells. Below is review of neutrophil ontogeny, as well as a discussion regarding known differences between preterm and term neonatal and adult neutrophils with respect to cell membrane receptors and functions. Our analysis will also explain how these variations decrease with postnatal age. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5329040 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53290402017-03-14 Age-Appropriate Functions and Dysfunctions of the Neonatal Neutrophil Lawrence, Shelley Melissa Corriden, Ross Nizet, Victor Front Pediatr Pediatrics Neonatal and adult neutrophils are distinctly different from one another due to well-defined and documented deficiencies in neonatal cells, including impaired functions, reduced concentrations of microbicidal proteins and enzymes necessary for pathogen destruction, and variances in cell surface receptors. Neutrophil maturation is clearly demonstrated throughout pregnancy from the earliest hematopoietic precursors in the yolk sac to the well-developed myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow around the seventh month of gestation. Notable deficiencies of neonatal neutrophils are generally correlated with gestational age and clinical condition, so that the least functional neutrophils are found in the youngest, sickest neonates. Interruption of normal gestation secondary to preterm birth exposes these shortcomings and places the neonate at an exceptionally high rate of infection and sepsis-related mortality. Because the fetus develops in a sterile environment, neonatal adaptive immune responses are deficient from lack of antigen exposure in utero. Newborns must therefore rely on innate immunity to protect against early infection. Neutrophils are a vital component of innate immunity since they are the first cells to respond to and defend against bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. However, notable phenotypic and functional disparities exist between neonatal and adult cells. Below is review of neutrophil ontogeny, as well as a discussion regarding known differences between preterm and term neonatal and adult neutrophils with respect to cell membrane receptors and functions. Our analysis will also explain how these variations decrease with postnatal age. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5329040/ /pubmed/28293548 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00023 Text en Copyright © 2017 Lawrence, Corriden and Nizet. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pediatrics Lawrence, Shelley Melissa Corriden, Ross Nizet, Victor Age-Appropriate Functions and Dysfunctions of the Neonatal Neutrophil |
title | Age-Appropriate Functions and Dysfunctions of the Neonatal Neutrophil |
title_full | Age-Appropriate Functions and Dysfunctions of the Neonatal Neutrophil |
title_fullStr | Age-Appropriate Functions and Dysfunctions of the Neonatal Neutrophil |
title_full_unstemmed | Age-Appropriate Functions and Dysfunctions of the Neonatal Neutrophil |
title_short | Age-Appropriate Functions and Dysfunctions of the Neonatal Neutrophil |
title_sort | age-appropriate functions and dysfunctions of the neonatal neutrophil |
topic | Pediatrics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329040/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28293548 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00023 |
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