Cargando…
Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics
Future sustainability of freshwater resources is seriously threatened due to the presence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms, and yet, the number, extent, and distribution of most cyanobacterial toxins—including “emerging” toxins and other bioactive compounds—are poorly understood. We measured 15 cyan...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5331441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28208628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9020062 |
_version_ | 1782511377576886272 |
---|---|
author | Beversdorf, Lucas J. Weirich, Chelsea A. Bartlett, Sarah L. Miller, Todd. R. |
author_facet | Beversdorf, Lucas J. Weirich, Chelsea A. Bartlett, Sarah L. Miller, Todd. R. |
author_sort | Beversdorf, Lucas J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Future sustainability of freshwater resources is seriously threatened due to the presence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms, and yet, the number, extent, and distribution of most cyanobacterial toxins—including “emerging” toxins and other bioactive compounds—are poorly understood. We measured 15 cyanobacterial compounds—including four microcystins (MC), saxitoxin (SXT), cylindrospermopsin (CYL), anatoxin-a (ATX) and homo-anatoxin-a (hATX), two anabaenopeptins (Apt), three cyanopeptolins (Cpt), microginin (Mgn), and nodularin (NOD)—in six freshwater lakes that regularly experience noxious cHABs. MC, a human liver toxin, was present in all six lakes and was detected in 80% of all samples. Similarly, Apt, Cpt, and Mgn were detected in all lakes in roughly 86%, 50%, and 35% of all samples, respectively. Despite being a notable brackish water toxin, NOD was detected in the two shallowest lakes—Wingra (4.3 m) and Koshkonong (2.1 m). All compounds were highly variable temporally, and spatially. Metabolite profiles were significantly different between lakes suggesting lake characteristics influenced the cyanobacterial community and/or metabolite production. Understanding how cyanobacterial toxins are distributed across eutrophic lakes may shed light onto the ecological function of these metabolites, provide valuable information for their remediation and removal, and aid in the protection of public health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5331441 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53314412017-03-13 Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics Beversdorf, Lucas J. Weirich, Chelsea A. Bartlett, Sarah L. Miller, Todd. R. Toxins (Basel) Article Future sustainability of freshwater resources is seriously threatened due to the presence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms, and yet, the number, extent, and distribution of most cyanobacterial toxins—including “emerging” toxins and other bioactive compounds—are poorly understood. We measured 15 cyanobacterial compounds—including four microcystins (MC), saxitoxin (SXT), cylindrospermopsin (CYL), anatoxin-a (ATX) and homo-anatoxin-a (hATX), two anabaenopeptins (Apt), three cyanopeptolins (Cpt), microginin (Mgn), and nodularin (NOD)—in six freshwater lakes that regularly experience noxious cHABs. MC, a human liver toxin, was present in all six lakes and was detected in 80% of all samples. Similarly, Apt, Cpt, and Mgn were detected in all lakes in roughly 86%, 50%, and 35% of all samples, respectively. Despite being a notable brackish water toxin, NOD was detected in the two shallowest lakes—Wingra (4.3 m) and Koshkonong (2.1 m). All compounds were highly variable temporally, and spatially. Metabolite profiles were significantly different between lakes suggesting lake characteristics influenced the cyanobacterial community and/or metabolite production. Understanding how cyanobacterial toxins are distributed across eutrophic lakes may shed light onto the ecological function of these metabolites, provide valuable information for their remediation and removal, and aid in the protection of public health. MDPI 2017-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5331441/ /pubmed/28208628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9020062 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Beversdorf, Lucas J. Weirich, Chelsea A. Bartlett, Sarah L. Miller, Todd. R. Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics |
title | Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics |
title_full | Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics |
title_fullStr | Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics |
title_full_unstemmed | Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics |
title_short | Variable Cyanobacterial Toxin and Metabolite Profiles across Six Eutrophic Lakes of Differing Physiochemical Characteristics |
title_sort | variable cyanobacterial toxin and metabolite profiles across six eutrophic lakes of differing physiochemical characteristics |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5331441/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28208628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9020062 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT beversdorflucasj variablecyanobacterialtoxinandmetaboliteprofilesacrosssixeutrophiclakesofdifferingphysiochemicalcharacteristics AT weirichchelseaa variablecyanobacterialtoxinandmetaboliteprofilesacrosssixeutrophiclakesofdifferingphysiochemicalcharacteristics AT bartlettsarahl variablecyanobacterialtoxinandmetaboliteprofilesacrosssixeutrophiclakesofdifferingphysiochemicalcharacteristics AT millertoddr variablecyanobacterialtoxinandmetaboliteprofilesacrosssixeutrophiclakesofdifferingphysiochemicalcharacteristics |