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Diffusion MRI in the heart

Diffusion MRI provides unique information on the structure, organization, and integrity of the myocardium without the need for exogenous contrast agents. Diffusion MRI in the heart, however, has proven technically challenging because of the intrinsic non‐rigid deformation during the cardiac cycle, d...

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Autores principales: Mekkaoui, Choukri, Reese, Timothy G., Jackowski, Marcel P., Bhat, Himanshu, Sosnovik, David E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484848
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3426
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author Mekkaoui, Choukri
Reese, Timothy G.
Jackowski, Marcel P.
Bhat, Himanshu
Sosnovik, David E.
author_facet Mekkaoui, Choukri
Reese, Timothy G.
Jackowski, Marcel P.
Bhat, Himanshu
Sosnovik, David E.
author_sort Mekkaoui, Choukri
collection PubMed
description Diffusion MRI provides unique information on the structure, organization, and integrity of the myocardium without the need for exogenous contrast agents. Diffusion MRI in the heart, however, has proven technically challenging because of the intrinsic non‐rigid deformation during the cardiac cycle, displacement of the myocardium due to respiratory motion, signal inhomogeneity within the thorax, and short transverse relaxation times. Recently developed accelerated diffusion‐weighted MR acquisition sequences combined with advanced post‐processing techniques have improved the accuracy and efficiency of diffusion MRI in the myocardium. In this review, we describe the solutions and approaches that have been developed to enable diffusion MRI of the heart in vivo, including a dual‐gated stimulated echo approach, a velocity‐ (M (1)) or an acceleration‐ (M (2)) compensated pulsed gradient spin echo approach, and the use of principal component analysis filtering. The structure of the myocardium and the application of these techniques in ischemic heart disease are also briefly reviewed. The advent of clinical MR systems with stronger gradients will likely facilitate the translation of cardiac diffusion MRI into clinical use. The addition of diffusion MRI to the well‐established set of cardiovascular imaging techniques should lead to new and complementary approaches for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with heart disease. © 2015 The Authors. NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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spelling pubmed-53334632017-03-16 Diffusion MRI in the heart Mekkaoui, Choukri Reese, Timothy G. Jackowski, Marcel P. Bhat, Himanshu Sosnovik, David E. NMR Biomed Special Issue Review Articles Diffusion MRI provides unique information on the structure, organization, and integrity of the myocardium without the need for exogenous contrast agents. Diffusion MRI in the heart, however, has proven technically challenging because of the intrinsic non‐rigid deformation during the cardiac cycle, displacement of the myocardium due to respiratory motion, signal inhomogeneity within the thorax, and short transverse relaxation times. Recently developed accelerated diffusion‐weighted MR acquisition sequences combined with advanced post‐processing techniques have improved the accuracy and efficiency of diffusion MRI in the myocardium. In this review, we describe the solutions and approaches that have been developed to enable diffusion MRI of the heart in vivo, including a dual‐gated stimulated echo approach, a velocity‐ (M (1)) or an acceleration‐ (M (2)) compensated pulsed gradient spin echo approach, and the use of principal component analysis filtering. The structure of the myocardium and the application of these techniques in ischemic heart disease are also briefly reviewed. The advent of clinical MR systems with stronger gradients will likely facilitate the translation of cardiac diffusion MRI into clinical use. The addition of diffusion MRI to the well‐established set of cardiovascular imaging techniques should lead to new and complementary approaches for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with heart disease. © 2015 The Authors. NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2015-10-20 2017-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5333463/ /pubmed/26484848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3426 Text en © 2015 The Authors. NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Special Issue Review Articles
Mekkaoui, Choukri
Reese, Timothy G.
Jackowski, Marcel P.
Bhat, Himanshu
Sosnovik, David E.
Diffusion MRI in the heart
title Diffusion MRI in the heart
title_full Diffusion MRI in the heart
title_fullStr Diffusion MRI in the heart
title_full_unstemmed Diffusion MRI in the heart
title_short Diffusion MRI in the heart
title_sort diffusion mri in the heart
topic Special Issue Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333463/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484848
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.3426
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