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Validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in Parkinson’s disease

BACKGROUND: Handwriting in Parkinson’s disease (PD) features specific abnormalities which are difficult to assess in clinical practice since no specific tool for evaluation of spontaneous movement is currently available. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to validate the ‘Systematic Screening of Handwriting...

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Autores principales: Nackaerts, Evelien, Heremans, Elke, Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien C. M., Broeder, Sanne, Vandenberghe, Wim, Bergmans, Bruno, Nieuwboer, Alice
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333892/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253374
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173157
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author Nackaerts, Evelien
Heremans, Elke
Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien C. M.
Broeder, Sanne
Vandenberghe, Wim
Bergmans, Bruno
Nieuwboer, Alice
author_facet Nackaerts, Evelien
Heremans, Elke
Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien C. M.
Broeder, Sanne
Vandenberghe, Wim
Bergmans, Bruno
Nieuwboer, Alice
author_sort Nackaerts, Evelien
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Handwriting in Parkinson’s disease (PD) features specific abnormalities which are difficult to assess in clinical practice since no specific tool for evaluation of spontaneous movement is currently available. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to validate the ‘Systematic Screening of Handwriting Difficulties’ (SOS-test) in patients with PD. METHODS: Handwriting performance of 87 patients and 26 healthy age-matched controls was examined using the SOS-test. Sixty-seven patients were tested a second time within a period of one month. Participants were asked to copy as much as possible of a text within 5 minutes with the instruction to write as neatly and quickly as in daily life. Writing speed (letters in 5 minutes), size (mm) and quality of handwriting were compared. Correlation analysis was performed between SOS outcomes and other fine motor skill measurements and disease characteristics. Intrarater, interrater and test-retest reliability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Patients with PD had a smaller (p = 0.043) and slower (p<0.001) handwriting and showed worse writing quality (p = 0.031) compared to controls. The outcomes of the SOS-test significantly correlated with fine motor skill performance and disease duration and severity. Furthermore, the test showed excellent intrarater, interrater and test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.769 for both groups). CONCLUSION: The SOS-test is a short and effective tool to detect handwriting problems in PD with excellent reliability. It can therefore be recommended as a clinical instrument for standardized screening of handwriting deficits in PD.
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spelling pubmed-53338922017-03-10 Validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in Parkinson’s disease Nackaerts, Evelien Heremans, Elke Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien C. M. Broeder, Sanne Vandenberghe, Wim Bergmans, Bruno Nieuwboer, Alice PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Handwriting in Parkinson’s disease (PD) features specific abnormalities which are difficult to assess in clinical practice since no specific tool for evaluation of spontaneous movement is currently available. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to validate the ‘Systematic Screening of Handwriting Difficulties’ (SOS-test) in patients with PD. METHODS: Handwriting performance of 87 patients and 26 healthy age-matched controls was examined using the SOS-test. Sixty-seven patients were tested a second time within a period of one month. Participants were asked to copy as much as possible of a text within 5 minutes with the instruction to write as neatly and quickly as in daily life. Writing speed (letters in 5 minutes), size (mm) and quality of handwriting were compared. Correlation analysis was performed between SOS outcomes and other fine motor skill measurements and disease characteristics. Intrarater, interrater and test-retest reliability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Patients with PD had a smaller (p = 0.043) and slower (p<0.001) handwriting and showed worse writing quality (p = 0.031) compared to controls. The outcomes of the SOS-test significantly correlated with fine motor skill performance and disease duration and severity. Furthermore, the test showed excellent intrarater, interrater and test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.769 for both groups). CONCLUSION: The SOS-test is a short and effective tool to detect handwriting problems in PD with excellent reliability. It can therefore be recommended as a clinical instrument for standardized screening of handwriting deficits in PD. Public Library of Science 2017-03-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5333892/ /pubmed/28253374 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173157 Text en © 2017 Nackaerts et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Nackaerts, Evelien
Heremans, Elke
Smits-Engelsman, Bouwien C. M.
Broeder, Sanne
Vandenberghe, Wim
Bergmans, Bruno
Nieuwboer, Alice
Validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in Parkinson’s disease
title Validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in Parkinson’s disease
title_full Validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in Parkinson’s disease
title_fullStr Validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in Parkinson’s disease
title_full_unstemmed Validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in Parkinson’s disease
title_short Validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in Parkinson’s disease
title_sort validity and reliability of a new tool to evaluate handwriting difficulties in parkinson’s disease
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333892/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28253374
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173157
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