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Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)

BACKGROUND: The muskrat is a seasonal breeder. Males secrete musk to attract females during the breeding season. The testosterone binding to the androgen receptor (AR) in musk glands of muskrat may play an important role conducting the musk secretion process. METHODS: The musk gland, testis and bloo...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Tianxiang, Peng, Dong, Qi, Lei, Li, Weixuan, Fan, Mengyuan, Shen, Jiachen, Yang, Liangliang, Wang, Yihua, Wang, Wenxia, Hu, Xiaolong, Cai, Ruibo, Zhou, Ran, Wei, Yuting, Zhou, Juntong, Yang, Shuang, Hu, Defu, Liu, Shuqiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5337303/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0116-9
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author Zhang, Tianxiang
Peng, Dong
Qi, Lei
Li, Weixuan
Fan, Mengyuan
Shen, Jiachen
Yang, Liangliang
Wang, Yihua
Wang, Wenxia
Hu, Xiaolong
Cai, Ruibo
Zhou, Ran
Wei, Yuting
Zhou, Juntong
Yang, Shuang
Hu, Defu
Liu, Shuqiang
author_facet Zhang, Tianxiang
Peng, Dong
Qi, Lei
Li, Weixuan
Fan, Mengyuan
Shen, Jiachen
Yang, Liangliang
Wang, Yihua
Wang, Wenxia
Hu, Xiaolong
Cai, Ruibo
Zhou, Ran
Wei, Yuting
Zhou, Juntong
Yang, Shuang
Hu, Defu
Liu, Shuqiang
author_sort Zhang, Tianxiang
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The muskrat is a seasonal breeder. Males secrete musk to attract females during the breeding season. The testosterone binding to the androgen receptor (AR) in musk glands of muskrat may play an important role conducting the musk secretion process. METHODS: The musk gland, testis and blood samples of musk rats are collected in both breeding and non-breeding seasons. Some part of the samples are kept in liquid nitrogen for transcriptome analysis and Western blotting test. Some part of the samples are kept in 70% alcohol for histology experiment, blood samples are kept at −20 °C for the serum testosterone measurement experiment. RESULTS: This study demonstrates that the quantity of secreted musk, the volume of the musk glands, the diameter of the gland cells and AR expression are all higher during the breeding season than at other times (p < 0.01). StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD expression in the Leydig cells of the testis were also higher during this season, as was serum testosterone. AR was also observed in the gland cells of two other musk-secreting animals, the musk deer and small Indian civet, in their musk glands. These results suggest that the testes and musk glands co-develop seasonally. CONCLUSION: The musk glands’ seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testes, and testosterone plays an important role in the seasonal development of musk glands. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-017-0116-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-53373032017-03-07 Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Zhang, Tianxiang Peng, Dong Qi, Lei Li, Weixuan Fan, Mengyuan Shen, Jiachen Yang, Liangliang Wang, Yihua Wang, Wenxia Hu, Xiaolong Cai, Ruibo Zhou, Ran Wei, Yuting Zhou, Juntong Yang, Shuang Hu, Defu Liu, Shuqiang Biol Res Research Article BACKGROUND: The muskrat is a seasonal breeder. Males secrete musk to attract females during the breeding season. The testosterone binding to the androgen receptor (AR) in musk glands of muskrat may play an important role conducting the musk secretion process. METHODS: The musk gland, testis and blood samples of musk rats are collected in both breeding and non-breeding seasons. Some part of the samples are kept in liquid nitrogen for transcriptome analysis and Western blotting test. Some part of the samples are kept in 70% alcohol for histology experiment, blood samples are kept at −20 °C for the serum testosterone measurement experiment. RESULTS: This study demonstrates that the quantity of secreted musk, the volume of the musk glands, the diameter of the gland cells and AR expression are all higher during the breeding season than at other times (p < 0.01). StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD expression in the Leydig cells of the testis were also higher during this season, as was serum testosterone. AR was also observed in the gland cells of two other musk-secreting animals, the musk deer and small Indian civet, in their musk glands. These results suggest that the testes and musk glands co-develop seasonally. CONCLUSION: The musk glands’ seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testes, and testosterone plays an important role in the seasonal development of musk glands. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-017-0116-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5337303/ /pubmed/28259185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0116-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhang, Tianxiang
Peng, Dong
Qi, Lei
Li, Weixuan
Fan, Mengyuan
Shen, Jiachen
Yang, Liangliang
Wang, Yihua
Wang, Wenxia
Hu, Xiaolong
Cai, Ruibo
Zhou, Ran
Wei, Yuting
Zhou, Juntong
Yang, Shuang
Hu, Defu
Liu, Shuqiang
Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
title Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
title_full Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
title_fullStr Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
title_full_unstemmed Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
title_short Musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
title_sort musk gland seasonal development and musk secretion are regulated by the testis in muskrat (ondatra zibethicus)
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5337303/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28259185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0116-9
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