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Ex vivo activation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive ART can lead to sustained production of infectious HIV-1 from a subset of infected cells
The fate of HIV-infected cells after reversal of proviral latency is not well characterized. Simonetti, et al. recently showed that CD4(+) T-cells containing intact proviruses can clonally expand in vivo and produce low-level infectious viremia. We hypothesized that reversal of HIV latency by activa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5338860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28225830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006230 |
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author | Bui, John K. Halvas, Elias K. Fyne, Elizabeth Sobolewski, Michele D. Koontz, Dianna Shao, Wei Luke, Brian Hong, Feiyu F. Kearney, Mary F. Mellors, John W. |
author_facet | Bui, John K. Halvas, Elias K. Fyne, Elizabeth Sobolewski, Michele D. Koontz, Dianna Shao, Wei Luke, Brian Hong, Feiyu F. Kearney, Mary F. Mellors, John W. |
author_sort | Bui, John K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The fate of HIV-infected cells after reversal of proviral latency is not well characterized. Simonetti, et al. recently showed that CD4(+) T-cells containing intact proviruses can clonally expand in vivo and produce low-level infectious viremia. We hypothesized that reversal of HIV latency by activation of CD4(+) T-cells can lead to the expansion of a subset of virus-producing cells rather than their elimination. We established an ex vivo cell culture system involving stimulation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) with PMA/ionomycin (day 1–7), followed by rest (day 7–21), and then repeat stimulation (day 21–28), always in the presence of high concentrations of raltegravir and efavirenz to effectively block new cycles of viral replication. HIV DNA and virion RNA in the supernatant were quantified by qPCR. Single genome sequencing (SGS) of p6-PR-RT was performed to genetically characterize proviruses and virion-associated genomic RNA. The replication-competence of the virions produced was determined by the viral outgrowth assay (VOA) and SGS of co-culture supernatants from multiple time points. Experiments were performed with purified CD4(+) T-cells from five consecutively recruited donors who had been on suppressive ART for > 2 years. In all experiments, HIV RNA levels in supernatant increased following initial stimulation, decreased or remained stable during the rest period, and increased again with repeat stimulation. HIV DNA levels did not show a consistent pattern of change. SGS of proviruses revealed diverse outcomes of infected cell populations, ranging from their apparent elimination to persistence and expansion. Importantly, a subset of infected cells expanded and produced infectious virus continuously after stimulation. These findings underscore the complexity of eliminating reservoirs of HIV-infected cells and highlight the need for new strategies to kill HIV-infected cells before they can proliferate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5338860 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53388602017-03-09 Ex vivo activation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive ART can lead to sustained production of infectious HIV-1 from a subset of infected cells Bui, John K. Halvas, Elias K. Fyne, Elizabeth Sobolewski, Michele D. Koontz, Dianna Shao, Wei Luke, Brian Hong, Feiyu F. Kearney, Mary F. Mellors, John W. PLoS Pathog Research Article The fate of HIV-infected cells after reversal of proviral latency is not well characterized. Simonetti, et al. recently showed that CD4(+) T-cells containing intact proviruses can clonally expand in vivo and produce low-level infectious viremia. We hypothesized that reversal of HIV latency by activation of CD4(+) T-cells can lead to the expansion of a subset of virus-producing cells rather than their elimination. We established an ex vivo cell culture system involving stimulation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) with PMA/ionomycin (day 1–7), followed by rest (day 7–21), and then repeat stimulation (day 21–28), always in the presence of high concentrations of raltegravir and efavirenz to effectively block new cycles of viral replication. HIV DNA and virion RNA in the supernatant were quantified by qPCR. Single genome sequencing (SGS) of p6-PR-RT was performed to genetically characterize proviruses and virion-associated genomic RNA. The replication-competence of the virions produced was determined by the viral outgrowth assay (VOA) and SGS of co-culture supernatants from multiple time points. Experiments were performed with purified CD4(+) T-cells from five consecutively recruited donors who had been on suppressive ART for > 2 years. In all experiments, HIV RNA levels in supernatant increased following initial stimulation, decreased or remained stable during the rest period, and increased again with repeat stimulation. HIV DNA levels did not show a consistent pattern of change. SGS of proviruses revealed diverse outcomes of infected cell populations, ranging from their apparent elimination to persistence and expansion. Importantly, a subset of infected cells expanded and produced infectious virus continuously after stimulation. These findings underscore the complexity of eliminating reservoirs of HIV-infected cells and highlight the need for new strategies to kill HIV-infected cells before they can proliferate. Public Library of Science 2017-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5338860/ /pubmed/28225830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006230 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bui, John K. Halvas, Elias K. Fyne, Elizabeth Sobolewski, Michele D. Koontz, Dianna Shao, Wei Luke, Brian Hong, Feiyu F. Kearney, Mary F. Mellors, John W. Ex vivo activation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive ART can lead to sustained production of infectious HIV-1 from a subset of infected cells |
title | Ex vivo activation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive ART can lead to sustained production of infectious HIV-1 from a subset of infected cells |
title_full | Ex vivo activation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive ART can lead to sustained production of infectious HIV-1 from a subset of infected cells |
title_fullStr | Ex vivo activation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive ART can lead to sustained production of infectious HIV-1 from a subset of infected cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Ex vivo activation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive ART can lead to sustained production of infectious HIV-1 from a subset of infected cells |
title_short | Ex vivo activation of CD4(+) T-cells from donors on suppressive ART can lead to sustained production of infectious HIV-1 from a subset of infected cells |
title_sort | ex vivo activation of cd4(+) t-cells from donors on suppressive art can lead to sustained production of infectious hiv-1 from a subset of infected cells |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5338860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28225830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006230 |
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