Study of Effect of Magnesium Sulphate in Management of Acute Organophosphorous Pesticide Poisoning

BACKGROUND: Organophosphorus compound poisoning (OPCP) is a major public health problem in developing countries like India. Atropine and oximes remain the main-stay of management. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) has shown benefit in the management of OPCP. AIMS: This study was designed to assess the effect of MgSO(4) on outcome in OPCP patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Double-blind prospective randomized clinical trial in an ICU of tertiary care institution. METHODS: One hundred patients (50 in each group) of OPCP, confirmed by history and syndrome of OPCP with low plasma pseudocholinesterase, aged between 18 and 60 years were studied. Magnesium group (Group M) received 4 g of 20% MgSO(4) infusion over 30 min at admission to ICU, control group (Group C) received normal saline placebo in the same manner. Patients were assessed for the need for intubation, requirement of atropine, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU stay, and its effect on mortality. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test for categorical data, independent sample t-test, and paired t-test for nominal data. RESULTS: Demographics and basal serum magnesium levels were comparable. Atropine requirement was higher in Group C (74.82 ± 22.39 mg) compared to Group M (53.11 ± 45.83 mg) (P < 0.001). A total of 33 patients in Group C and 23 patients in Group M required intubation, respectively (P = 0.043). The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 4.51 ± 2 days in Group C compared to 4.13 ± 1.6 days in Group M (P = 0.45). ICU stay was 5.36 ± 2.018 days in Group C compared to 4.54 ± 1.581 days in Group M (P = 0.026). There was no significant difference in mortality between the groups. CONCLUSION: Four grams of MgSO(4) given to OPCP patients within 24 h of admission to ICU, decreases atropine requirement, need for intubation, and ICU stay.