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Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients
Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a disease which results from excessive levels of cortisol in the human body. The disorder is associated with various signs and symptoms which are also common for the general population not suffering from compound hypersecretion. Thus, more sensitive and selective methods a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5343830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020294 |
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author | Kotłowska, Alicja Puzyn, Tomasz Sworczak, Krzysztof Stepnowski, Piotr Szefer, Piotr |
author_facet | Kotłowska, Alicja Puzyn, Tomasz Sworczak, Krzysztof Stepnowski, Piotr Szefer, Piotr |
author_sort | Kotłowska, Alicja |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a disease which results from excessive levels of cortisol in the human body. The disorder is associated with various signs and symptoms which are also common for the general population not suffering from compound hypersecretion. Thus, more sensitive and selective methods are required for the diagnosis of CS. This follow-up study was conducted to determine which steroid metabolites could serve as potential indicators of CS and possible subclinical hypercortisolism in patients diagnosed with so called non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (AIs). Urine samples from negative controls (n = 37), patients with CS characterized by hypercortisolism and excluding iatrogenic CS (n = 16), and patients with non-functioning AIs with possible subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (n = 25) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Statistical and multivariate methods were applied to investigate the profile differences between examined individuals. The analyses revealed hormonal differences between patients with CS and the rest of examined individuals. The concentrations of selected metabolites of cortisol, androgens, and pregnenetriol were elevated whereas the levels of tetrahydrocortisone were decreased for CS when opposed to the rest of the study population. Moreover, after analysis of potential confounding factors, it was also possible to distinguish six steroid hormones which discriminated CS patients from other study subjects. The obtained discriminant functions enabled classification of CS patients and AI group characterized by mild hypersecretion of cortisol metabolites. It can be concluded that steroid hormones selected by applying urinary profiling may serve the role of potential biomarkers of CS and can aid in its early diagnosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5343830 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53438302017-03-16 Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients Kotłowska, Alicja Puzyn, Tomasz Sworczak, Krzysztof Stepnowski, Piotr Szefer, Piotr Int J Mol Sci Article Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a disease which results from excessive levels of cortisol in the human body. The disorder is associated with various signs and symptoms which are also common for the general population not suffering from compound hypersecretion. Thus, more sensitive and selective methods are required for the diagnosis of CS. This follow-up study was conducted to determine which steroid metabolites could serve as potential indicators of CS and possible subclinical hypercortisolism in patients diagnosed with so called non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas (AIs). Urine samples from negative controls (n = 37), patients with CS characterized by hypercortisolism and excluding iatrogenic CS (n = 16), and patients with non-functioning AIs with possible subclinical Cushing’s syndrome (n = 25) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Statistical and multivariate methods were applied to investigate the profile differences between examined individuals. The analyses revealed hormonal differences between patients with CS and the rest of examined individuals. The concentrations of selected metabolites of cortisol, androgens, and pregnenetriol were elevated whereas the levels of tetrahydrocortisone were decreased for CS when opposed to the rest of the study population. Moreover, after analysis of potential confounding factors, it was also possible to distinguish six steroid hormones which discriminated CS patients from other study subjects. The obtained discriminant functions enabled classification of CS patients and AI group characterized by mild hypersecretion of cortisol metabolites. It can be concluded that steroid hormones selected by applying urinary profiling may serve the role of potential biomarkers of CS and can aid in its early diagnosis. MDPI 2017-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5343830/ /pubmed/28146078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020294 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kotłowska, Alicja Puzyn, Tomasz Sworczak, Krzysztof Stepnowski, Piotr Szefer, Piotr Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients |
title | Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients |
title_full | Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients |
title_fullStr | Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients |
title_short | Metabolomic Biomarkers in Urine of Cushing’s Syndrome Patients |
title_sort | metabolomic biomarkers in urine of cushing’s syndrome patients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5343830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28146078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020294 |
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