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Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal and prevalent cancers in the human population. Different etiological factors such as hepatitis B and C virus, alcohol and diabetes cause liver injury followed by inflammation, necrosis and hepatocytes proliferation. Continuous cycles of this de...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5343939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216578 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020405 |
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author | Tahmasebi Birgani, Maryam Carloni, Vinicio |
author_facet | Tahmasebi Birgani, Maryam Carloni, Vinicio |
author_sort | Tahmasebi Birgani, Maryam |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal and prevalent cancers in the human population. Different etiological factors such as hepatitis B and C virus, alcohol and diabetes cause liver injury followed by inflammation, necrosis and hepatocytes proliferation. Continuous cycles of this destructive–regenerative process culminates in liver cirrhosis which is characterized by regenerating nodules that progress to dysplastic nodules and ultimately HCC. Despite its significance, there is only an elemental understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms, and there are only limited therapeutic options. Therefore, the study of the involved molecular mechanisms can open a new insight to define more effective treatment strategies. A variety of alterations have been reported in HCC patients, particularly the cancer-associated microenvironment components including immune cells, fibroblast cells, endothelial cells and extracellular matrix can support the neoplastic cells to proliferate, growth and invade. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights the principal challenges that are relevant to controlling this milieu. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5343939 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53439392017-03-16 Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy Tahmasebi Birgani, Maryam Carloni, Vinicio Int J Mol Sci Review Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most lethal and prevalent cancers in the human population. Different etiological factors such as hepatitis B and C virus, alcohol and diabetes cause liver injury followed by inflammation, necrosis and hepatocytes proliferation. Continuous cycles of this destructive–regenerative process culminates in liver cirrhosis which is characterized by regenerating nodules that progress to dysplastic nodules and ultimately HCC. Despite its significance, there is only an elemental understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms, and there are only limited therapeutic options. Therefore, the study of the involved molecular mechanisms can open a new insight to define more effective treatment strategies. A variety of alterations have been reported in HCC patients, particularly the cancer-associated microenvironment components including immune cells, fibroblast cells, endothelial cells and extracellular matrix can support the neoplastic cells to proliferate, growth and invade. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights the principal challenges that are relevant to controlling this milieu. MDPI 2017-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5343939/ /pubmed/28216578 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020405 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Tahmasebi Birgani, Maryam Carloni, Vinicio Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy |
title | Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy |
title_full | Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy |
title_fullStr | Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy |
title_short | Tumor Microenvironment, a Paradigm in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy |
title_sort | tumor microenvironment, a paradigm in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and therapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5343939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216578 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18020405 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT tahmasebibirganimaryam tumormicroenvironmentaparadigminhepatocellularcarcinomaprogressionandtherapy AT carlonivinicio tumormicroenvironmentaparadigminhepatocellularcarcinomaprogressionandtherapy |