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Does Cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats?
BACKGROUND: Cimicifuga racemosa is one of the herbs used for the treatment of climacteric syndrome, and it has been cited as an alternative therapy to estrogen. Apart from hectic fevers, dyspareunia and so on, dry mouth also increase significantly after menopause. It has not yet been reported whethe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5348896/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0115-x |
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author | Da, Yun-Meng Niu, Kai-Yu Liu, Shu-Ya Wang, Ke Wang, Wen-Juan Jia, Jing Qin, Li-Hua Bai, Wen-Pei |
author_facet | Da, Yun-Meng Niu, Kai-Yu Liu, Shu-Ya Wang, Ke Wang, Wen-Juan Jia, Jing Qin, Li-Hua Bai, Wen-Pei |
author_sort | Da, Yun-Meng |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Cimicifuga racemosa is one of the herbs used for the treatment of climacteric syndrome, and it has been cited as an alternative therapy to estrogen. Apart from hectic fevers, dyspareunia and so on, dry mouth also increase significantly after menopause. It has not yet been reported whether C. racemosa has any impact on the sublingual gland, which may relate to dry mouth. In an attempt to determine this, we have compared the effects of estrogen and C. racemosa on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: HE staining showed that the acinar cell area had contracted and that the intercellular spaces were broadened in the OVX (ovariectomized rats) group, while treatment with estradiol (E2) and iCR (isopropanolic extract of C. racemosa) improved these lesions. Transmission electron microscopy showed that rough endoplasmic reticulum expansion in mucous and serous acinar epithelial cells and apoptotic cells was more commonly seen in the OVX group than in the SHAM (sham-operated rats) group. Mitochondria and plasma membrane infolding lesions in the striated ducts were also observed. These lesions were alleviated by both treatments. It is of note that, in the OVX + iCR group, the volume of mitochondria in the striated duct was larger than in other groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly increased in the acinar cells of the OVX group compared with the SHAM group (p < 0.05); and the MA (mean absorbance) of caspase-3 in the striated ducts also increased (p < 0.05). Estradiol decreased the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA of caspase-3 in striated ducts significantly (p < 0.05). ICR also reduced the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA in the striated ducts (p < 0.05), but the reduction of the MA in striated ducts was inferior to that of the OVX + E2 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both estradiol and iCR can inhibit subcellular structural damage, and down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 caused by ovariectomy, but their effects were not identical, suggesting that both drugs confer a protective effect on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats, but that the specific location and mechanism of action producing these effects were different. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-017-0115-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5348896 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53488962017-03-14 Does Cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats? Da, Yun-Meng Niu, Kai-Yu Liu, Shu-Ya Wang, Ke Wang, Wen-Juan Jia, Jing Qin, Li-Hua Bai, Wen-Pei Biol Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Cimicifuga racemosa is one of the herbs used for the treatment of climacteric syndrome, and it has been cited as an alternative therapy to estrogen. Apart from hectic fevers, dyspareunia and so on, dry mouth also increase significantly after menopause. It has not yet been reported whether C. racemosa has any impact on the sublingual gland, which may relate to dry mouth. In an attempt to determine this, we have compared the effects of estrogen and C. racemosa on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: HE staining showed that the acinar cell area had contracted and that the intercellular spaces were broadened in the OVX (ovariectomized rats) group, while treatment with estradiol (E2) and iCR (isopropanolic extract of C. racemosa) improved these lesions. Transmission electron microscopy showed that rough endoplasmic reticulum expansion in mucous and serous acinar epithelial cells and apoptotic cells was more commonly seen in the OVX group than in the SHAM (sham-operated rats) group. Mitochondria and plasma membrane infolding lesions in the striated ducts were also observed. These lesions were alleviated by both treatments. It is of note that, in the OVX + iCR group, the volume of mitochondria in the striated duct was larger than in other groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells was significantly increased in the acinar cells of the OVX group compared with the SHAM group (p < 0.05); and the MA (mean absorbance) of caspase-3 in the striated ducts also increased (p < 0.05). Estradiol decreased the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA of caspase-3 in striated ducts significantly (p < 0.05). ICR also reduced the ratio of caspase-3 positive cells and the MA in the striated ducts (p < 0.05), but the reduction of the MA in striated ducts was inferior to that of the OVX + E2 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both estradiol and iCR can inhibit subcellular structural damage, and down-regulate the expression of caspase-3 caused by ovariectomy, but their effects were not identical, suggesting that both drugs confer a protective effect on the sublingual gland of ovariectomized rats, but that the specific location and mechanism of action producing these effects were different. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-017-0115-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5348896/ /pubmed/28288692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0115-x Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Da, Yun-Meng Niu, Kai-Yu Liu, Shu-Ya Wang, Ke Wang, Wen-Juan Jia, Jing Qin, Li-Hua Bai, Wen-Pei Does Cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats? |
title | Does Cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats? |
title_full | Does Cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats? |
title_fullStr | Does Cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats? |
title_full_unstemmed | Does Cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats? |
title_short | Does Cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats? |
title_sort | does cimicifuga racemosa have the effects like estrogen on the sublingual gland in ovariectomized rats? |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5348896/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288692 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0115-x |
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