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Causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school Students in Kisumu County, Kenya
PURPOSE: To determine causes of variability in communicable disease prevalence rates among students in secondary schools to inform policy formulation in the public health sector. METHODS: A representative cluster sample size for students was estimated using Fisher et al.’s formula while schools, sub...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5350242/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28357195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0777-9 |
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author | Odongo, David Otieno Wakhungu, W. J. Stanley, Omuterema |
author_facet | Odongo, David Otieno Wakhungu, W. J. Stanley, Omuterema |
author_sort | Odongo, David Otieno |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To determine causes of variability in communicable disease prevalence rates among students in secondary schools to inform policy formulation in the public health sector. METHODS: A representative cluster sample size for students was estimated using Fisher et al.’s formula while schools, sub-counties and education zones were clustered and sample size was calculated based on coefficient of variation by school type. Data were collected by questionnaire, medical examination using standard procedures, and focus group discussion, and descriptive analysis was performed on the completed questions. Comparisons between risk factors were made by chi-square and ANOVA analysis using SPSS for Windows (version 15.2; Chicago, IL) software. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was significant variation between communicable disease prevalence rates and age (X(2) (4, 0.05) = 2.458), school size (X(2) (12, 0.05) = 18.636), gender (X(2) (4, 0.05) = 5.723) and class of students (X(2) (12, 0.05) = 15.202), and bed and desk spacing (p < 0.05 at 95% CI). However, there was no significant association in prevalence rates between both locality and type of school. There was strong evidence that student age has an effect on prevalence rates. The prevalence rate of malaria was higher in male (14.02%) than female students (6.68%) compared to prevalence of diarrhea, which was higher in female (7.96%) than male students. CONCLUSION: This study has revealed that the prevalences of diarrhea, tuberculosis, pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections are lower among female secondary school students than males and that the prevalence of malaria is higher in males than females. Age of secondary school students is a significant vulnerability factor for malaria, diarrhea, tuberculosis and pneumonia, which were the important communicable diseases most prevalent among secondary school students in Kisumu County, Kenya. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5350242 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53502422017-03-27 Causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school Students in Kisumu County, Kenya Odongo, David Otieno Wakhungu, W. J. Stanley, Omuterema Z Gesundh Wiss Original Article PURPOSE: To determine causes of variability in communicable disease prevalence rates among students in secondary schools to inform policy formulation in the public health sector. METHODS: A representative cluster sample size for students was estimated using Fisher et al.’s formula while schools, sub-counties and education zones were clustered and sample size was calculated based on coefficient of variation by school type. Data were collected by questionnaire, medical examination using standard procedures, and focus group discussion, and descriptive analysis was performed on the completed questions. Comparisons between risk factors were made by chi-square and ANOVA analysis using SPSS for Windows (version 15.2; Chicago, IL) software. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was significant variation between communicable disease prevalence rates and age (X(2) (4, 0.05) = 2.458), school size (X(2) (12, 0.05) = 18.636), gender (X(2) (4, 0.05) = 5.723) and class of students (X(2) (12, 0.05) = 15.202), and bed and desk spacing (p < 0.05 at 95% CI). However, there was no significant association in prevalence rates between both locality and type of school. There was strong evidence that student age has an effect on prevalence rates. The prevalence rate of malaria was higher in male (14.02%) than female students (6.68%) compared to prevalence of diarrhea, which was higher in female (7.96%) than male students. CONCLUSION: This study has revealed that the prevalences of diarrhea, tuberculosis, pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections are lower among female secondary school students than males and that the prevalence of malaria is higher in males than females. Age of secondary school students is a significant vulnerability factor for malaria, diarrhea, tuberculosis and pneumonia, which were the important communicable diseases most prevalent among secondary school students in Kisumu County, Kenya. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016-12-03 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5350242/ /pubmed/28357195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0777-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Odongo, David Otieno Wakhungu, W. J. Stanley, Omuterema Causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school Students in Kisumu County, Kenya |
title | Causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school Students in Kisumu County, Kenya |
title_full | Causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school Students in Kisumu County, Kenya |
title_fullStr | Causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school Students in Kisumu County, Kenya |
title_full_unstemmed | Causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school Students in Kisumu County, Kenya |
title_short | Causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school Students in Kisumu County, Kenya |
title_sort | causes of variability in prevalence rates of communicable diseases among secondary school students in kisumu county, kenya |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5350242/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28357195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0777-9 |
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