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Aberrant regulation of RANKL/OPG in women at high risk of developing breast cancer
Breast cancer is the most common female cancer, affecting approximately one in eight women during their lifetime in North America and Europe. Receptor Activator of NF-kB Ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK and the natural antagonist osteoprotegerin (OPG) are essential regulators of bone resorption. We...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Impact Journals LLC
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5354797/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28002811 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14013 |
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author | Kiechl, Stefan Schramek, Daniel Widschwendter, Martin Fourkala, Evangelia-Ourania Zaikin, Alexey Jones, Allison Jaeger, Bernadette Rack, Brigitte Janni, Wolfgang Scholz, Christoph Willeit, Johann Weger, Siegfried Mayr, Agnes Teschendorff, Andrew Rosenthal, Adam Fraser, Lindsay Philpott, Susan Dubeau, Louis Keshtgar, Mohammed Roylance, Rebecca Jacobs, Ian J. Menon, Usha Schett, Georg Penninger, Josef M. |
author_facet | Kiechl, Stefan Schramek, Daniel Widschwendter, Martin Fourkala, Evangelia-Ourania Zaikin, Alexey Jones, Allison Jaeger, Bernadette Rack, Brigitte Janni, Wolfgang Scholz, Christoph Willeit, Johann Weger, Siegfried Mayr, Agnes Teschendorff, Andrew Rosenthal, Adam Fraser, Lindsay Philpott, Susan Dubeau, Louis Keshtgar, Mohammed Roylance, Rebecca Jacobs, Ian J. Menon, Usha Schett, Georg Penninger, Josef M. |
author_sort | Kiechl, Stefan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Breast cancer is the most common female cancer, affecting approximately one in eight women during their lifetime in North America and Europe. Receptor Activator of NF-kB Ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK and the natural antagonist osteoprotegerin (OPG) are essential regulators of bone resorption. We have initially shown that RANKL/RANK are essential for hormone-driven mammary epithelial proliferation in pregnancy and RANKL/RANK have been implicated in mammary stem cell biology. Using genetic mouse-models, we and others identified the RANKL/RANK system as a key regulator of sex hormone, BRCA1-mutation, and oncogene-driven breast cancer and we proposed that RANKL/RANK might be involved in the initiation of breast tumors. We now report that in postmenopausal women without known genetic predisposition, high RANKL and progesterone serum levels stratify a subpopulation of women at high risk of developing breast cancer 12-24 months before diagnosis (5.33-fold risk, 95%CI 1.5-25.4; P=0.02). In women with established breast cancer, we demonstrate that RANKL/OPG ratios change dependent on the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Finally, we show in a prospective human breast cancer cohort that alterations in RANKL/OPG ratios are significantly associated with breast cancer manifestation. These data indicate that the RANKL/RANK/OPG system is deregulated in post-menopausal women at high risk for breast cancer and in women with circulating tumor cells. Thus, serum levels of RANKL/OPG are potentially indicative of predisposition and progression of breast cancer in humans. Advancement of our findings towards clinical application awaits prior validation in independent patient cohorts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5354797 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Impact Journals LLC |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53547972017-04-24 Aberrant regulation of RANKL/OPG in women at high risk of developing breast cancer Kiechl, Stefan Schramek, Daniel Widschwendter, Martin Fourkala, Evangelia-Ourania Zaikin, Alexey Jones, Allison Jaeger, Bernadette Rack, Brigitte Janni, Wolfgang Scholz, Christoph Willeit, Johann Weger, Siegfried Mayr, Agnes Teschendorff, Andrew Rosenthal, Adam Fraser, Lindsay Philpott, Susan Dubeau, Louis Keshtgar, Mohammed Roylance, Rebecca Jacobs, Ian J. Menon, Usha Schett, Georg Penninger, Josef M. Oncotarget Research Paper Breast cancer is the most common female cancer, affecting approximately one in eight women during their lifetime in North America and Europe. Receptor Activator of NF-kB Ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK and the natural antagonist osteoprotegerin (OPG) are essential regulators of bone resorption. We have initially shown that RANKL/RANK are essential for hormone-driven mammary epithelial proliferation in pregnancy and RANKL/RANK have been implicated in mammary stem cell biology. Using genetic mouse-models, we and others identified the RANKL/RANK system as a key regulator of sex hormone, BRCA1-mutation, and oncogene-driven breast cancer and we proposed that RANKL/RANK might be involved in the initiation of breast tumors. We now report that in postmenopausal women without known genetic predisposition, high RANKL and progesterone serum levels stratify a subpopulation of women at high risk of developing breast cancer 12-24 months before diagnosis (5.33-fold risk, 95%CI 1.5-25.4; P=0.02). In women with established breast cancer, we demonstrate that RANKL/OPG ratios change dependent on the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Finally, we show in a prospective human breast cancer cohort that alterations in RANKL/OPG ratios are significantly associated with breast cancer manifestation. These data indicate that the RANKL/RANK/OPG system is deregulated in post-menopausal women at high risk for breast cancer and in women with circulating tumor cells. Thus, serum levels of RANKL/OPG are potentially indicative of predisposition and progression of breast cancer in humans. Advancement of our findings towards clinical application awaits prior validation in independent patient cohorts. Impact Journals LLC 2016-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5354797/ /pubmed/28002811 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14013 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Kiechl et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Kiechl, Stefan Schramek, Daniel Widschwendter, Martin Fourkala, Evangelia-Ourania Zaikin, Alexey Jones, Allison Jaeger, Bernadette Rack, Brigitte Janni, Wolfgang Scholz, Christoph Willeit, Johann Weger, Siegfried Mayr, Agnes Teschendorff, Andrew Rosenthal, Adam Fraser, Lindsay Philpott, Susan Dubeau, Louis Keshtgar, Mohammed Roylance, Rebecca Jacobs, Ian J. Menon, Usha Schett, Georg Penninger, Josef M. Aberrant regulation of RANKL/OPG in women at high risk of developing breast cancer |
title | Aberrant regulation of RANKL/OPG in women at high risk of developing breast cancer |
title_full | Aberrant regulation of RANKL/OPG in women at high risk of developing breast cancer |
title_fullStr | Aberrant regulation of RANKL/OPG in women at high risk of developing breast cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Aberrant regulation of RANKL/OPG in women at high risk of developing breast cancer |
title_short | Aberrant regulation of RANKL/OPG in women at high risk of developing breast cancer |
title_sort | aberrant regulation of rankl/opg in women at high risk of developing breast cancer |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5354797/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28002811 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14013 |
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