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Molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype VNIc/ST5 in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand

Despite the strong association between Cryptococcus neoformans infection and the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of patients globally, most cryptococcosis cases in Far East Asia occur in non-HIV individuals. Molecular epidemiological studies, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), have s...

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Autores principales: Hatthakaroon, Chanin, Pharkjaksu, Sujiraphong, Chongtrakool, Piriyaporn, Suwannakarn, Kamol, Kiratisin, Pattarachai, Ngamskulrungroj, Popchai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5360237/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28323835
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173744
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author Hatthakaroon, Chanin
Pharkjaksu, Sujiraphong
Chongtrakool, Piriyaporn
Suwannakarn, Kamol
Kiratisin, Pattarachai
Ngamskulrungroj, Popchai
author_facet Hatthakaroon, Chanin
Pharkjaksu, Sujiraphong
Chongtrakool, Piriyaporn
Suwannakarn, Kamol
Kiratisin, Pattarachai
Ngamskulrungroj, Popchai
author_sort Hatthakaroon, Chanin
collection PubMed
description Despite the strong association between Cryptococcus neoformans infection and the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of patients globally, most cryptococcosis cases in Far East Asia occur in non-HIV individuals. Molecular epidemiological studies, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), have shown that more than 95% of cryptococcal strains belong to a specific subtype of VNI. However, this association has never been specifically examined in other parts of Asia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the VNIc/ST5 genotype distribution among cryptococcosis patients in Thailand. Fifty-one C. neoformans isolates were collected from clinical samples in Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. The strains were predominantly isolated from HIV-positive patients (88.57%) and all were molecular type VNI MATα. An MLST analysis identified five sequence types (ST) in Siriraj Hospital, of which ST4 (45.10%) and ST6 (35.29%) were most common, and ST5 (15.69%), ST32 (1.96%), and ST93 (1.96) were less common. Contrary to reports from Far East Asia, ST5 was predominantly (83.33%) found in HIV patients (P = 0.657), and there was no significant change in the prevalence of ST5 over the past 10 years (P = 0.548). A further analysis of comorbidities showed higher morbidity and delays in the cryptococcal diagnosis in patients with tuberculosis coinfection or without HIV. Our study suggests that although the Thai population is genetically closely related to the Far East Asian population, ST5 is not associated with non-HIV status in Thailand. Therefore, this association may not be related to the host’s genetic background. However, its mechanism remains unclear.
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spelling pubmed-53602372017-04-06 Molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype VNIc/ST5 in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand Hatthakaroon, Chanin Pharkjaksu, Sujiraphong Chongtrakool, Piriyaporn Suwannakarn, Kamol Kiratisin, Pattarachai Ngamskulrungroj, Popchai PLoS One Research Article Despite the strong association between Cryptococcus neoformans infection and the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status of patients globally, most cryptococcosis cases in Far East Asia occur in non-HIV individuals. Molecular epidemiological studies, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), have shown that more than 95% of cryptococcal strains belong to a specific subtype of VNI. However, this association has never been specifically examined in other parts of Asia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the VNIc/ST5 genotype distribution among cryptococcosis patients in Thailand. Fifty-one C. neoformans isolates were collected from clinical samples in Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. The strains were predominantly isolated from HIV-positive patients (88.57%) and all were molecular type VNI MATα. An MLST analysis identified five sequence types (ST) in Siriraj Hospital, of which ST4 (45.10%) and ST6 (35.29%) were most common, and ST5 (15.69%), ST32 (1.96%), and ST93 (1.96) were less common. Contrary to reports from Far East Asia, ST5 was predominantly (83.33%) found in HIV patients (P = 0.657), and there was no significant change in the prevalence of ST5 over the past 10 years (P = 0.548). A further analysis of comorbidities showed higher morbidity and delays in the cryptococcal diagnosis in patients with tuberculosis coinfection or without HIV. Our study suggests that although the Thai population is genetically closely related to the Far East Asian population, ST5 is not associated with non-HIV status in Thailand. Therefore, this association may not be related to the host’s genetic background. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Public Library of Science 2017-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5360237/ /pubmed/28323835 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173744 Text en © 2017 Hatthakaroon et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hatthakaroon, Chanin
Pharkjaksu, Sujiraphong
Chongtrakool, Piriyaporn
Suwannakarn, Kamol
Kiratisin, Pattarachai
Ngamskulrungroj, Popchai
Molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype VNIc/ST5 in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
title Molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype VNIc/ST5 in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
title_full Molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype VNIc/ST5 in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
title_fullStr Molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype VNIc/ST5 in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
title_full_unstemmed Molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype VNIc/ST5 in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
title_short Molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype VNIc/ST5 in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
title_sort molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal genotype vnic/st5 in siriraj hospital, thailand
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5360237/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28323835
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173744
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