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The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management

BACKGROUND: The epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of melioidosis vary around the world. It is essential to define the disease’s local features to optimise its management. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Between 1998 and 2016 there were 197 cases of culture confirmed melioidosis in Far North Que...

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Autores principales: Stewart, James D., Smith, Simon, Binotto, Enzo, McBride, William J., Currie, Bart J., Hanson, Josh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5363997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264029
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005411
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author Stewart, James D.
Smith, Simon
Binotto, Enzo
McBride, William J.
Currie, Bart J.
Hanson, Josh
author_facet Stewart, James D.
Smith, Simon
Binotto, Enzo
McBride, William J.
Currie, Bart J.
Hanson, Josh
author_sort Stewart, James D.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of melioidosis vary around the world. It is essential to define the disease’s local features to optimise its management. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Between 1998 and 2016 there were 197 cases of culture confirmed melioidosis in Far North Queensland; 154 (78%) presented in the December-April wet season. 145 (74%) patients were bacteraemic, 58 (29%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and 27 (14%) died; nine (33%) of these deaths occurred within 48 hours of presentation. Pneumonia was the most frequent clinical finding, present in 101 (61%) of the 166 with available imaging. A recognised risk factor for melioidosis (diabetes, hazardous alcohol use, chronic renal disease, chronic lung disease, immunosuppression or malignancy) was present in 148 (91%) of 162 patients with complete comorbidity data. Despite representing only 9% of the region’s population, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island (ATSI) people comprised 59% of the cases. ATSI patients were younger than non-ATSI patients (median (interquartile range): 46 (38–56) years versus 59 (43–69) years (p<0.001) and had a higher case-fatality rate (22/117 (19%) versus 5/80 (6.3%) (p = 0.01)). In the 155 patients surviving the initial intensive intravenous phase of treatment, eleven (7.1%) had disease recurrence, despite the fact that nine (82%) of these patients had received prolonged intravenous therapy. Recurrence was usually due to inadequate source control or poor adherence to oral eradication therapy. The case fatality rate declined from 12/44 (27%) in the first five years of the study to 7/76 (9%) in the last five (p = 0.009), reflecting national improvements in sepsis management. CONCLUSIONS: Melioidosis in Far North Queensland is a seasonal, opportunistic infection of patients with specific comorbidities. The ATSI population bear the greatest burden of disease. Although the case-fatality rate is declining, deaths frequently occur early after hospitalisation, reinforcing the importance of prompt, targeted therapy in high-risk patients.
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spelling pubmed-53639972017-04-06 The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management Stewart, James D. Smith, Simon Binotto, Enzo McBride, William J. Currie, Bart J. Hanson, Josh PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: The epidemiology, clinical presentation and management of melioidosis vary around the world. It is essential to define the disease’s local features to optimise its management. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Between 1998 and 2016 there were 197 cases of culture confirmed melioidosis in Far North Queensland; 154 (78%) presented in the December-April wet season. 145 (74%) patients were bacteraemic, 58 (29%) were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and 27 (14%) died; nine (33%) of these deaths occurred within 48 hours of presentation. Pneumonia was the most frequent clinical finding, present in 101 (61%) of the 166 with available imaging. A recognised risk factor for melioidosis (diabetes, hazardous alcohol use, chronic renal disease, chronic lung disease, immunosuppression or malignancy) was present in 148 (91%) of 162 patients with complete comorbidity data. Despite representing only 9% of the region’s population, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island (ATSI) people comprised 59% of the cases. ATSI patients were younger than non-ATSI patients (median (interquartile range): 46 (38–56) years versus 59 (43–69) years (p<0.001) and had a higher case-fatality rate (22/117 (19%) versus 5/80 (6.3%) (p = 0.01)). In the 155 patients surviving the initial intensive intravenous phase of treatment, eleven (7.1%) had disease recurrence, despite the fact that nine (82%) of these patients had received prolonged intravenous therapy. Recurrence was usually due to inadequate source control or poor adherence to oral eradication therapy. The case fatality rate declined from 12/44 (27%) in the first five years of the study to 7/76 (9%) in the last five (p = 0.009), reflecting national improvements in sepsis management. CONCLUSIONS: Melioidosis in Far North Queensland is a seasonal, opportunistic infection of patients with specific comorbidities. The ATSI population bear the greatest burden of disease. Although the case-fatality rate is declining, deaths frequently occur early after hospitalisation, reinforcing the importance of prompt, targeted therapy in high-risk patients. Public Library of Science 2017-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5363997/ /pubmed/28264029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005411 Text en © 2017 Stewart et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Stewart, James D.
Smith, Simon
Binotto, Enzo
McBride, William J.
Currie, Bart J.
Hanson, Josh
The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management
title The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management
title_full The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management
title_fullStr The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management
title_full_unstemmed The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management
title_short The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management
title_sort epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in far north queensland: implications for patient management
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5363997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264029
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005411
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