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The soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system

Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) alters the molecular and cellular composition of neural tissue and leads to glial scarring, which inhibits the regrowth of damaged axons. Mammalian glial scars supposedly form a chemical and mechanical barrier to neuronal regeneration. While tremendous effo...

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Autores principales: Moeendarbary, Emad, Weber, Isabell P., Sheridan, Graham K., Koser, David E., Soleman, Sara, Haenzi, Barbara, Bradbury, Elizabeth J., Fawcett, James, Franze, Kristian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5364386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28317912
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14787
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author Moeendarbary, Emad
Weber, Isabell P.
Sheridan, Graham K.
Koser, David E.
Soleman, Sara
Haenzi, Barbara
Bradbury, Elizabeth J.
Fawcett, James
Franze, Kristian
author_facet Moeendarbary, Emad
Weber, Isabell P.
Sheridan, Graham K.
Koser, David E.
Soleman, Sara
Haenzi, Barbara
Bradbury, Elizabeth J.
Fawcett, James
Franze, Kristian
author_sort Moeendarbary, Emad
collection PubMed
description Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) alters the molecular and cellular composition of neural tissue and leads to glial scarring, which inhibits the regrowth of damaged axons. Mammalian glial scars supposedly form a chemical and mechanical barrier to neuronal regeneration. While tremendous effort has been devoted to identifying molecular characteristics of the scar, very little is known about its mechanical properties. Here we characterize spatiotemporal changes of the elastic stiffness of the injured rat neocortex and spinal cord at 1.5 and three weeks post-injury using atomic force microscopy. In contrast to scars in other mammalian tissues, CNS tissue significantly softens after injury. Expression levels of glial intermediate filaments (GFAP, vimentin) and extracellular matrix components (laminin, collagen IV) correlate with tissue softening. As tissue stiffness is a regulator of neuronal growth, our results may help to understand why mammalian neurons do not regenerate after injury.
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spelling pubmed-53643862017-04-11 The soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system Moeendarbary, Emad Weber, Isabell P. Sheridan, Graham K. Koser, David E. Soleman, Sara Haenzi, Barbara Bradbury, Elizabeth J. Fawcett, James Franze, Kristian Nat Commun Article Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) alters the molecular and cellular composition of neural tissue and leads to glial scarring, which inhibits the regrowth of damaged axons. Mammalian glial scars supposedly form a chemical and mechanical barrier to neuronal regeneration. While tremendous effort has been devoted to identifying molecular characteristics of the scar, very little is known about its mechanical properties. Here we characterize spatiotemporal changes of the elastic stiffness of the injured rat neocortex and spinal cord at 1.5 and three weeks post-injury using atomic force microscopy. In contrast to scars in other mammalian tissues, CNS tissue significantly softens after injury. Expression levels of glial intermediate filaments (GFAP, vimentin) and extracellular matrix components (laminin, collagen IV) correlate with tissue softening. As tissue stiffness is a regulator of neuronal growth, our results may help to understand why mammalian neurons do not regenerate after injury. Nature Publishing Group 2017-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5364386/ /pubmed/28317912 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14787 Text en Copyright © 2017, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Moeendarbary, Emad
Weber, Isabell P.
Sheridan, Graham K.
Koser, David E.
Soleman, Sara
Haenzi, Barbara
Bradbury, Elizabeth J.
Fawcett, James
Franze, Kristian
The soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system
title The soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system
title_full The soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system
title_fullStr The soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system
title_full_unstemmed The soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system
title_short The soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system
title_sort soft mechanical signature of glial scars in the central nervous system
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5364386/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28317912
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14787
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