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Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND
Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to neuronal stress and injury underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which occur despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Evidence is accumulating that components of cART can itself be neurotoxic up...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5366824/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28241493 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7030025 |
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author | Sanchez, Ana B. Kaul, Marcus |
author_facet | Sanchez, Ana B. Kaul, Marcus |
author_sort | Sanchez, Ana B. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to neuronal stress and injury underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which occur despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Evidence is accumulating that components of cART can itself be neurotoxic upon long-term exposure. In addition, abuse of psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine (METH), seems to compromise antiretroviral therapy and aggravate HAND. However, the combined effect of virus and recreational and therapeutic drugs on the brain is still incompletely understood. However, several lines of evidence suggest a shared critical role of oxidative stress, compromised neuronal energy homeostasis and autophagy in promotion and prevention of neuronal dysfunction associated with HIV-1 infection, cART and psychostimulant use. In this review, we present a synopsis of recent work related to neuronal stress and injury induced by HIV infection, antiretrovirals (ARVs) and the highly addictive psychostimulant METH. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5366824 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53668242017-03-31 Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND Sanchez, Ana B. Kaul, Marcus Brain Sci Review Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to neuronal stress and injury underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which occur despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Evidence is accumulating that components of cART can itself be neurotoxic upon long-term exposure. In addition, abuse of psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine (METH), seems to compromise antiretroviral therapy and aggravate HAND. However, the combined effect of virus and recreational and therapeutic drugs on the brain is still incompletely understood. However, several lines of evidence suggest a shared critical role of oxidative stress, compromised neuronal energy homeostasis and autophagy in promotion and prevention of neuronal dysfunction associated with HIV-1 infection, cART and psychostimulant use. In this review, we present a synopsis of recent work related to neuronal stress and injury induced by HIV infection, antiretrovirals (ARVs) and the highly addictive psychostimulant METH. MDPI 2017-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5366824/ /pubmed/28241493 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7030025 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sanchez, Ana B. Kaul, Marcus Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title | Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_full | Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_fullStr | Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_short | Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_sort | neuronal stress and injury caused by hiv-1, cart and drug abuse: converging contributions to hand |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5366824/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28241493 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7030025 |
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