Selective detection of cyanogen halides by BN nanocluster: a DFT study

The electronic sensitivity and adsorption behavior toward cyanogen halides (X–CN; X = F, Cl, and Br) of a B(12)N(12) nanocluster were investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. The X-head of these molecules was predicted to interact weakly with the BN cluster because of the positive σ-hole on the electronic potential surface of halogens. The X–CN molecules interact somewhat strongly with the boron atoms of the cluster via the N-head, which is accompanied by a large charge transfer from the X–CN to the cluster. The change in enthalpy upon the adsorption process (at room temperature and 1 atm) is about −19.2, −23.4, and −30.5 kJ mol(−1) for X = F, Cl, and Br, respectively. The LUMO level of the BN cluster is largely stabilized after the adsorption process, and the HOMO–LUMO gap is significantly decreased. Thus, the electrical conductivity of the cluster is increased, and an electrical signal is generated that can help to detect these molecules. By increasing the atomic number of X, the signal will increase, which makes the sensor selective for cyanogen halides. Also, it was indicated that the B(12)N(12) nanocluster benefits from a short recovery time as a sensor.