Hybrid three-dimensional dual- and broadband optically tunable terahertz metamaterials

The optically tunable properties of the hybrid three-dimensional (3D) metamaterials with dual- and broadband response frequencies are theoretically investigated in the terahertz spectrum. The planar double-split-ring resonators (DSRRs) and the standup double-split-ring resonators are fabricated on a sapphire substrate, forming a 3D array structures. The bi-anisotropy of the hybrid 3D metamaterials is considered because the stand-up DSRRs are not symmetrical with respect to the electric field vector. Due to the electric and magnetic response realized by the planar and the standup double-split-ring resonators respectively, the dual-band resonance response and the negative refractive index can be achieved. The potential of the phase modulation under photoexcitation is also demonstrated. Further analysis indicates that, photoexcitation of free carriers in the silicon within the capacitive region of the standup DSRRs results in a broad resonance response bandwidth (about 0.47 THz), and also functions as a broadband negative refractive index that roughly lies between 0.80 and 2.01 THz. This tunable metamaterials is proposed for the potential application of electromagnetic wave propagation in terahertz area.