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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis during Dissociated Spermatogenesis

Apoptosis is a tightly controlled process by which tissues eliminate unwanted cells. Spontaneous germ cell apoptosis in testis has been broadly investigated in mammals that have an associated spermatogenesis pattern. However, the mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in seasonally breeding reptiles follo...

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Autores principales: Liu, Tengfei, Wang, Lingling, Chen, Hong, Huang, Yufei, Yang, Ping, Ahmed, Nisar, Wang, Taozhi, Liu, Yi, Chen, Qiusheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28424629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00188
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author Liu, Tengfei
Wang, Lingling
Chen, Hong
Huang, Yufei
Yang, Ping
Ahmed, Nisar
Wang, Taozhi
Liu, Yi
Chen, Qiusheng
author_facet Liu, Tengfei
Wang, Lingling
Chen, Hong
Huang, Yufei
Yang, Ping
Ahmed, Nisar
Wang, Taozhi
Liu, Yi
Chen, Qiusheng
author_sort Liu, Tengfei
collection PubMed
description Apoptosis is a tightly controlled process by which tissues eliminate unwanted cells. Spontaneous germ cell apoptosis in testis has been broadly investigated in mammals that have an associated spermatogenesis pattern. However, the mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in seasonally breeding reptiles following a dissociated spermatogenesis has remained enigmatic. In the present study, morphological evidence has clearly confirmed the dissociated spermatogenesis pattern in Pelodiscus sinensis. TUNEL and TEM analyses presented dynamic changes and ultrastructural characteristics of apoptotic germ cells during seasonal spermatogenesis, implying that apoptosis might be one of the key mechanisms to clear degraded germ cells. Furthermore, using RNA-Seq and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling, a large number of apoptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different phases of spermatogenesis were identified and characterized in the testis. DGE and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the critical anti-apoptosis genes, such as Bcl-2, BAG1, and BAG5, showed up-regulated patterns during intermediate and late spermatogenesis. Moreover, the increases in mitochondrial transmembrane potential in July and October were detected by JC-1 staining. Notably, the low protein levels of pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and CytC in cytoplasm were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses, indicating that the CytC-Caspase model might be responsible for the effects of germ cell apoptosis on seasonal spermatogenesis. These results facilitate understanding the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis during spermatogenesis and uncovering the biological process of the dissociated spermatogenesis system in reptiles.
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spelling pubmed-53727962017-04-19 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis during Dissociated Spermatogenesis Liu, Tengfei Wang, Lingling Chen, Hong Huang, Yufei Yang, Ping Ahmed, Nisar Wang, Taozhi Liu, Yi Chen, Qiusheng Front Physiol Physiology Apoptosis is a tightly controlled process by which tissues eliminate unwanted cells. Spontaneous germ cell apoptosis in testis has been broadly investigated in mammals that have an associated spermatogenesis pattern. However, the mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in seasonally breeding reptiles following a dissociated spermatogenesis has remained enigmatic. In the present study, morphological evidence has clearly confirmed the dissociated spermatogenesis pattern in Pelodiscus sinensis. TUNEL and TEM analyses presented dynamic changes and ultrastructural characteristics of apoptotic germ cells during seasonal spermatogenesis, implying that apoptosis might be one of the key mechanisms to clear degraded germ cells. Furthermore, using RNA-Seq and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling, a large number of apoptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different phases of spermatogenesis were identified and characterized in the testis. DGE and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the critical anti-apoptosis genes, such as Bcl-2, BAG1, and BAG5, showed up-regulated patterns during intermediate and late spermatogenesis. Moreover, the increases in mitochondrial transmembrane potential in July and October were detected by JC-1 staining. Notably, the low protein levels of pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and CytC in cytoplasm were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses, indicating that the CytC-Caspase model might be responsible for the effects of germ cell apoptosis on seasonal spermatogenesis. These results facilitate understanding the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis during spermatogenesis and uncovering the biological process of the dissociated spermatogenesis system in reptiles. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5372796/ /pubmed/28424629 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00188 Text en Copyright © 2017 Liu, Wang, Chen, Huang, Yang, Ahmed, Wang, Liu and Chen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Liu, Tengfei
Wang, Lingling
Chen, Hong
Huang, Yufei
Yang, Ping
Ahmed, Nisar
Wang, Taozhi
Liu, Yi
Chen, Qiusheng
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis during Dissociated Spermatogenesis
title Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis during Dissociated Spermatogenesis
title_full Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis during Dissociated Spermatogenesis
title_fullStr Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis during Dissociated Spermatogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis during Dissociated Spermatogenesis
title_short Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Apoptosis during Dissociated Spermatogenesis
title_sort molecular and cellular mechanisms of apoptosis during dissociated spermatogenesis
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372796/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28424629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00188
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