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Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study

Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. It is frequent in both developed and developing countries and mainly affects women of childbearing age and children. Methods: Results were derived from the ANIBES cross-sectional study using a nationally-represe...

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Autores principales: Samaniego-Vaesken, Mᵃ de Lourdes, Partearroyo, Teresa, Olza, Josune, Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier, Gil, Ángel, González-Gross, Marcela, Ortega, Rosa M., Serra-Majem, Lluis, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264431
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9030203
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author Samaniego-Vaesken, Mᵃ de Lourdes
Partearroyo, Teresa
Olza, Josune
Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier
Gil, Ángel
González-Gross, Marcela
Ortega, Rosa M.
Serra-Majem, Lluis
Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio
author_facet Samaniego-Vaesken, Mᵃ de Lourdes
Partearroyo, Teresa
Olza, Josune
Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier
Gil, Ángel
González-Gross, Marcela
Ortega, Rosa M.
Serra-Majem, Lluis
Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio
author_sort Samaniego-Vaesken, Mᵃ de Lourdes
collection PubMed
description Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. It is frequent in both developed and developing countries and mainly affects women of childbearing age and children. Methods: Results were derived from the ANIBES cross-sectional study using a nationally-representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2009). A three-day dietary record, collected by means of a tablet device, was used to obtain information about food and beverage consumption and leftovers. Results: Total median dietary iron intake was 9.8 mg/day for women and 11.3 mg/day for men. Highest intakes were observed among plausible adolescent reporters (13.3 mg/day), followed by adults (13.0 mg/day), elderly (12.7 mg/day), and children (12.2 mg/day). Prevalence of adequacy for iron intakes as assessed by EFSA criteria was higher than for the Spanish Recommended Iron Intake values in all age groups. Females had lower adequacy than males for both criteria, 27.3% and 17.0% vs. 77.2% and 57.0% respectively. Cereals or grains (26.7%–27.4%), meats and derivatives (19.8%–22.7%), and vegetables (10.3%–12.4%) were the major iron contributors. Conclusion: Higher iron intakes were observed in adolescents and were highest for non-heme iron. The prevalence of adequate iron intake according to EFSA criteria was higher than compared to national recommendations, and women had the lowest intakes. Therefore, there is a need to define standard dietary reference intake to determine inadequate iron intakes in the Spanish population.
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spelling pubmed-53728662017-04-05 Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study Samaniego-Vaesken, Mᵃ de Lourdes Partearroyo, Teresa Olza, Josune Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier Gil, Ángel González-Gross, Marcela Ortega, Rosa M. Serra-Majem, Lluis Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio Nutrients Article Background: Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. It is frequent in both developed and developing countries and mainly affects women of childbearing age and children. Methods: Results were derived from the ANIBES cross-sectional study using a nationally-representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2009). A three-day dietary record, collected by means of a tablet device, was used to obtain information about food and beverage consumption and leftovers. Results: Total median dietary iron intake was 9.8 mg/day for women and 11.3 mg/day for men. Highest intakes were observed among plausible adolescent reporters (13.3 mg/day), followed by adults (13.0 mg/day), elderly (12.7 mg/day), and children (12.2 mg/day). Prevalence of adequacy for iron intakes as assessed by EFSA criteria was higher than for the Spanish Recommended Iron Intake values in all age groups. Females had lower adequacy than males for both criteria, 27.3% and 17.0% vs. 77.2% and 57.0% respectively. Cereals or grains (26.7%–27.4%), meats and derivatives (19.8%–22.7%), and vegetables (10.3%–12.4%) were the major iron contributors. Conclusion: Higher iron intakes were observed in adolescents and were highest for non-heme iron. The prevalence of adequate iron intake according to EFSA criteria was higher than compared to national recommendations, and women had the lowest intakes. Therefore, there is a need to define standard dietary reference intake to determine inadequate iron intakes in the Spanish population. MDPI 2017-02-27 /pmc/articles/PMC5372866/ /pubmed/28264431 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9030203 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Samaniego-Vaesken, Mᵃ de Lourdes
Partearroyo, Teresa
Olza, Josune
Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier
Gil, Ángel
González-Gross, Marcela
Ortega, Rosa M.
Serra-Majem, Lluis
Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio
Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study
title Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study
title_full Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study
title_fullStr Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study
title_full_unstemmed Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study
title_short Iron Intake and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study
title_sort iron intake and dietary sources in the spanish population: findings from the anibes study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5372866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28264431
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9030203
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