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Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases
The gastrointestinal barrier is - with approximately 400 m(2) - the human body’s largest surface separating the external environment from the internal milieu. This barrier serves a dual function: permitting the absorption of nutrients, water and electrolytes on the one hand, while limiting host cont...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5374123/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28405139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2106 |
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author | Van Spaendonk, Hanne Ceuleers, Hannah Witters, Leonie Patteet, Eveline Joossens, Jurgen Augustyns, Koen Lambeir, Anne-Marie De Meester, Ingrid De Man, Joris G De Winter, Benedicte Y |
author_facet | Van Spaendonk, Hanne Ceuleers, Hannah Witters, Leonie Patteet, Eveline Joossens, Jurgen Augustyns, Koen Lambeir, Anne-Marie De Meester, Ingrid De Man, Joris G De Winter, Benedicte Y |
author_sort | Van Spaendonk, Hanne |
collection | PubMed |
description | The gastrointestinal barrier is - with approximately 400 m(2) - the human body’s largest surface separating the external environment from the internal milieu. This barrier serves a dual function: permitting the absorption of nutrients, water and electrolytes on the one hand, while limiting host contact with noxious luminal antigens on the other hand. To maintain this selective barrier, junction protein complexes seal the intercellular space between adjacent epithelial cells and regulate the paracellular transport. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with and suggested as a player in the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to high levels of endogenous and exogenous proteases, both in the lumen and in the mucosa. There is increasing evidence to suggest that a dysregulation of the protease/antiprotease balance in the gut contributes to epithelial damage and increased permeability. Excessive proteolysis leads to direct cleavage of intercellular junction proteins, or to opening of the junction proteins via activation of protease activated receptors. In addition, proteases regulate the activity and availability of cytokines and growth factors, which are also known modulators of intestinal permeability. This review aims at outlining the mechanisms by which proteases alter the intestinal permeability. More knowledge on the role of proteases in mucosal homeostasis and gastrointestinal barrier function will definitely contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for permeability-related diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5374123 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53741232017-04-12 Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases Van Spaendonk, Hanne Ceuleers, Hannah Witters, Leonie Patteet, Eveline Joossens, Jurgen Augustyns, Koen Lambeir, Anne-Marie De Meester, Ingrid De Man, Joris G De Winter, Benedicte Y World J Gastroenterol Review The gastrointestinal barrier is - with approximately 400 m(2) - the human body’s largest surface separating the external environment from the internal milieu. This barrier serves a dual function: permitting the absorption of nutrients, water and electrolytes on the one hand, while limiting host contact with noxious luminal antigens on the other hand. To maintain this selective barrier, junction protein complexes seal the intercellular space between adjacent epithelial cells and regulate the paracellular transport. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with and suggested as a player in the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to high levels of endogenous and exogenous proteases, both in the lumen and in the mucosa. There is increasing evidence to suggest that a dysregulation of the protease/antiprotease balance in the gut contributes to epithelial damage and increased permeability. Excessive proteolysis leads to direct cleavage of intercellular junction proteins, or to opening of the junction proteins via activation of protease activated receptors. In addition, proteases regulate the activity and availability of cytokines and growth factors, which are also known modulators of intestinal permeability. This review aims at outlining the mechanisms by which proteases alter the intestinal permeability. More knowledge on the role of proteases in mucosal homeostasis and gastrointestinal barrier function will definitely contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for permeability-related diseases. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2017-03-28 2017-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5374123/ /pubmed/28405139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2106 Text en ©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. |
spellingShingle | Review Van Spaendonk, Hanne Ceuleers, Hannah Witters, Leonie Patteet, Eveline Joossens, Jurgen Augustyns, Koen Lambeir, Anne-Marie De Meester, Ingrid De Man, Joris G De Winter, Benedicte Y Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases |
title | Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases |
title_full | Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases |
title_fullStr | Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases |
title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases |
title_short | Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases |
title_sort | regulation of intestinal permeability: the role of proteases |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5374123/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28405139 http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2106 |
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