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Bismuth Infusion of ABS Enables Additive Manufacturing of Complex Radiological Phantoms and Shielding Equipment

Radiopacity is a critical property of materials that are used for a range of radiological applications, including the development of phantom devices that emulate the radiodensity of native tissues and the production of protective equipment for personnel handling radioactive materials. Three-dimensio...

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Autores principales: Ceh, Justin, Youd, Tom, Mastrovich, Zach, Peterson, Cody, Khan, Sarah, Sasser, Todd A., Sander, Ian M., Doney, Justin, Turner, Clark, Leevy, W. Matthew
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5375745/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28245589
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030459
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author Ceh, Justin
Youd, Tom
Mastrovich, Zach
Peterson, Cody
Khan, Sarah
Sasser, Todd A.
Sander, Ian M.
Doney, Justin
Turner, Clark
Leevy, W. Matthew
author_facet Ceh, Justin
Youd, Tom
Mastrovich, Zach
Peterson, Cody
Khan, Sarah
Sasser, Todd A.
Sander, Ian M.
Doney, Justin
Turner, Clark
Leevy, W. Matthew
author_sort Ceh, Justin
collection PubMed
description Radiopacity is a critical property of materials that are used for a range of radiological applications, including the development of phantom devices that emulate the radiodensity of native tissues and the production of protective equipment for personnel handling radioactive materials. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a fabrication platform that is well suited to creating complex anatomical replicas or custom labware to accomplish these radiological purposes. We created and tested multiple ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) filaments infused with varied concentrations of bismuth (1.2–2.7 g/cm(3)), a radiopaque metal that is compatible with plastic infusion, to address the poor gamma radiation attenuation of many mainstream 3D printing materials. X-ray computed tomography (CT) experiments of these filaments indicated that a density of 1.2 g/cm(3) of bismuth-infused ABS emulates bone radiopacity during X-ray CT imaging on preclinical and clinical scanners. ABS-bismuth filaments along with ABS were 3D printed to create an embedded human nasocranial anatomical phantom that mimicked radiological properties of native bone and soft tissue. Increasing the bismuth content in the filaments to 2.7 g/cm(3) created a stable material that could attenuate 50% of (99m)Technetium gamma emission when printed with a 2.0 mm wall thickness. A shielded test tube rack was printed to attenuate source radiation as a protective measure for lab personnel. We demonstrated the utility of novel filaments to serve multiple radiological purposes, including the creation of anthropomorphic phantoms and safety labware, by tuning the level of radiation attenuation through material customization.
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spelling pubmed-53757452017-04-10 Bismuth Infusion of ABS Enables Additive Manufacturing of Complex Radiological Phantoms and Shielding Equipment Ceh, Justin Youd, Tom Mastrovich, Zach Peterson, Cody Khan, Sarah Sasser, Todd A. Sander, Ian M. Doney, Justin Turner, Clark Leevy, W. Matthew Sensors (Basel) Article Radiopacity is a critical property of materials that are used for a range of radiological applications, including the development of phantom devices that emulate the radiodensity of native tissues and the production of protective equipment for personnel handling radioactive materials. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a fabrication platform that is well suited to creating complex anatomical replicas or custom labware to accomplish these radiological purposes. We created and tested multiple ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) filaments infused with varied concentrations of bismuth (1.2–2.7 g/cm(3)), a radiopaque metal that is compatible with plastic infusion, to address the poor gamma radiation attenuation of many mainstream 3D printing materials. X-ray computed tomography (CT) experiments of these filaments indicated that a density of 1.2 g/cm(3) of bismuth-infused ABS emulates bone radiopacity during X-ray CT imaging on preclinical and clinical scanners. ABS-bismuth filaments along with ABS were 3D printed to create an embedded human nasocranial anatomical phantom that mimicked radiological properties of native bone and soft tissue. Increasing the bismuth content in the filaments to 2.7 g/cm(3) created a stable material that could attenuate 50% of (99m)Technetium gamma emission when printed with a 2.0 mm wall thickness. A shielded test tube rack was printed to attenuate source radiation as a protective measure for lab personnel. We demonstrated the utility of novel filaments to serve multiple radiological purposes, including the creation of anthropomorphic phantoms and safety labware, by tuning the level of radiation attenuation through material customization. MDPI 2017-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5375745/ /pubmed/28245589 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030459 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ceh, Justin
Youd, Tom
Mastrovich, Zach
Peterson, Cody
Khan, Sarah
Sasser, Todd A.
Sander, Ian M.
Doney, Justin
Turner, Clark
Leevy, W. Matthew
Bismuth Infusion of ABS Enables Additive Manufacturing of Complex Radiological Phantoms and Shielding Equipment
title Bismuth Infusion of ABS Enables Additive Manufacturing of Complex Radiological Phantoms and Shielding Equipment
title_full Bismuth Infusion of ABS Enables Additive Manufacturing of Complex Radiological Phantoms and Shielding Equipment
title_fullStr Bismuth Infusion of ABS Enables Additive Manufacturing of Complex Radiological Phantoms and Shielding Equipment
title_full_unstemmed Bismuth Infusion of ABS Enables Additive Manufacturing of Complex Radiological Phantoms and Shielding Equipment
title_short Bismuth Infusion of ABS Enables Additive Manufacturing of Complex Radiological Phantoms and Shielding Equipment
title_sort bismuth infusion of abs enables additive manufacturing of complex radiological phantoms and shielding equipment
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5375745/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28245589
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030459
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