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Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus

Symbiotic microbial communities augment host phenotype, including defense against pathogen carriage and infection. We sampled the microbial communities in 11 adult mosquito host species from six regions in southern Ontario, Canada over 3 years. Of the factors examined, we found that mosquito species...

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Autores principales: Novakova, Eva, Woodhams, Douglas C., Rodríguez-Ruano, Sonia M., Brucker, Robert M., Leff, Jonathan W., Maharaj, Amin, Amir, Amnon, Knight, Rob, Scott, James
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421042
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00526
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author Novakova, Eva
Woodhams, Douglas C.
Rodríguez-Ruano, Sonia M.
Brucker, Robert M.
Leff, Jonathan W.
Maharaj, Amin
Amir, Amnon
Knight, Rob
Scott, James
author_facet Novakova, Eva
Woodhams, Douglas C.
Rodríguez-Ruano, Sonia M.
Brucker, Robert M.
Leff, Jonathan W.
Maharaj, Amin
Amir, Amnon
Knight, Rob
Scott, James
author_sort Novakova, Eva
collection PubMed
description Symbiotic microbial communities augment host phenotype, including defense against pathogen carriage and infection. We sampled the microbial communities in 11 adult mosquito host species from six regions in southern Ontario, Canada over 3 years. Of the factors examined, we found that mosquito species was the largest driver of the microbiota, with remarkable phylosymbiosis between host and microbiota. Seasonal shifts of the microbiome were consistently repeated over the 3-year period, while region had little impact. Both host species and seasonal shifts in microbiota were associated with patterns of West Nile virus (WNV) in these mosquitoes. The highest prevalence of WNV, with a seasonal spike each year in August, was in the Culex pipiens/restuans complex, and high WNV prevalence followed a decrease in relative abundance of Wolbachia in this species. Indeed, mean temperature, but not precipitation, was significantly correlated with Wolbachia abundance. This suggests that at higher temperatures Wolbachia abundance is reduced leading to greater susceptibility to WNV in the subsequent generation of C. pipiens/restuans hosts. Different mosquito genera harbored significantly different bacterial communities, and presence or abundance of Wolbachia was primarily associated with these differences. We identified several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Wolbachia that drive overall microbial community differentiation among mosquito taxa, locations and timepoints. Distinct Wolbachia OTUs were consistently found to dominate microbiomes of Cx. pipiens/restuans, and of Coquilletidia perturbans. Seasonal fluctuations of several other microbial taxa included Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus, Methylobacterium, Asaia, Pantoea, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Pseudomonas, and Mycoplasma. This suggests that microbiota may explain some of the variation in vector competence previously attributed to local environmental processes, especially because Wolbachia is known to affect carriage of viral pathogens.
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spelling pubmed-53787952017-04-18 Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus Novakova, Eva Woodhams, Douglas C. Rodríguez-Ruano, Sonia M. Brucker, Robert M. Leff, Jonathan W. Maharaj, Amin Amir, Amnon Knight, Rob Scott, James Front Microbiol Microbiology Symbiotic microbial communities augment host phenotype, including defense against pathogen carriage and infection. We sampled the microbial communities in 11 adult mosquito host species from six regions in southern Ontario, Canada over 3 years. Of the factors examined, we found that mosquito species was the largest driver of the microbiota, with remarkable phylosymbiosis between host and microbiota. Seasonal shifts of the microbiome were consistently repeated over the 3-year period, while region had little impact. Both host species and seasonal shifts in microbiota were associated with patterns of West Nile virus (WNV) in these mosquitoes. The highest prevalence of WNV, with a seasonal spike each year in August, was in the Culex pipiens/restuans complex, and high WNV prevalence followed a decrease in relative abundance of Wolbachia in this species. Indeed, mean temperature, but not precipitation, was significantly correlated with Wolbachia abundance. This suggests that at higher temperatures Wolbachia abundance is reduced leading to greater susceptibility to WNV in the subsequent generation of C. pipiens/restuans hosts. Different mosquito genera harbored significantly different bacterial communities, and presence or abundance of Wolbachia was primarily associated with these differences. We identified several operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Wolbachia that drive overall microbial community differentiation among mosquito taxa, locations and timepoints. Distinct Wolbachia OTUs were consistently found to dominate microbiomes of Cx. pipiens/restuans, and of Coquilletidia perturbans. Seasonal fluctuations of several other microbial taxa included Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus, Methylobacterium, Asaia, Pantoea, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Pseudomonas, and Mycoplasma. This suggests that microbiota may explain some of the variation in vector competence previously attributed to local environmental processes, especially because Wolbachia is known to affect carriage of viral pathogens. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5378795/ /pubmed/28421042 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00526 Text en Copyright © 2017 Novakova, Woodhams, Rodríguez-Ruano, Brucker, Leff, Maharaj, Amir, Knight and Scott. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Novakova, Eva
Woodhams, Douglas C.
Rodríguez-Ruano, Sonia M.
Brucker, Robert M.
Leff, Jonathan W.
Maharaj, Amin
Amir, Amnon
Knight, Rob
Scott, James
Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus
title Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus
title_full Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus
title_fullStr Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus
title_full_unstemmed Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus
title_short Mosquito Microbiome Dynamics, a Background for Prevalence and Seasonality of West Nile Virus
title_sort mosquito microbiome dynamics, a background for prevalence and seasonality of west nile virus
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5378795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421042
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00526
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